Unit 6-Urbanization

• Urbanization: the process of development of dense concentrations of people into settlements
• Urban Area: A city and its surroundin subburbs
• Metropolitan area: a city and surrounding areas that are economically influenced by the city
• Site: where the city is located and built
• Situation: The cities connection to their site and other sites
• Favorable topograph, natural resource, trade locations, and defendable land attract people to certain sites.
• Improvements in a city’s situation could change over time as new tech lessen the impact of old connection.
• People choose to move for safety, job opportunities, school and healthcare.
• People are often drawn to suburbanization by low crime, good schools, and cheep homes.
• Urban Sprawl: urban areas expand in uncontrolled ways and take up a lot of land.
• Edge City: a community located on the outskirts of a city.
• Boomburd: a suburb with rapid growth into a large sprawling city with over 100,000 residents.
• Exurb: fast growing community outside of an edge city or metropolitan area where where residents are closely connected to the central city and suburbs.
• Infill: redevelopment that identifies vacant land within previously built areas; helps to redevelop the spaces and make space.
• Megacities: city with over 10,000,000 resident.
• Metacities: city with over 20,000,000 residents.
• World cities: cities with influence around the globe.
• World cities play a big role in the world’s economy, social, and information flows and serve as focal point for world systems.
• World cities birth new ideas, goods and services.
• World cities hold large events(Olympics) and have many tourist attractions to attract people.
• Cities function under heirchy system, where cities with large populations are high on the scale and cities with smaller populations are low on the scale.
• Gravity model states that a cities influence is based on size.
• Gravity Model assumes that the interaction of people and goods between cities are proportional to the output of goods and distance between them.
• Rank-size Rule says that the places people live are linked to form interconnected independent urban systems.
• Rank-size Rule: a geographic concept that describes how the population size in cities within a country may be distributed.(1/N)
• Rank-size rule examples: Libya, Nigeria, Australia, and Brazil.
• Primate city: a city that exceeds in population size and influence(doesn’t fallow the Rank-size rule).
• Primate City examples: Mexico, France, Thailan, and Tokyo.
• Central Place Theory: describes a central place as a settlement that provides goods and services for the surrounding area.
• Threshold: the number of people needed to support a certain good or service.
• Range: The distance someone is willing to travel for goods and services.
• High-order Goods


  Luxury cars, high-ended fashion, and works of art.
• High-order services


  Sports events, museums, and culture festivals
• Low-order Goods


  Grocery stores and common stores
• Low-order Services


  Hair salons and Post offices
• Range “theory” doesn’t account for real world geography or town distribution

  from cities.
• Burgess Conetric-Zone Model


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• Burgess Conetric- Zone Model explains basic arrangements in cities such as Chicago and Philadelphia.
• Burgess Conetric-Zone Model says that as you move away from the CBD of a city, land value and land use decreases and population becomes less dense.
• Hoyt Sector Model


  .