Patho370 Quiz Week 4 Review chapters (16,18,19,20)

• After sitting in a chair for an hour, an elderly patient develops moderate lower extremity edema. His edema is most likely a consequence of

  right sided heart failure
• A patient presents to the emergency department with a diastolic blood pressure of 132 mm Hg, retinopathy, and symptoms of an ischemic stroke. This symptomology is likely the result of

  hypertensive crisis
• The _____ is the failure of the pulmonary artery and aorta to separate resulting in the formation of one large vessel that receives blood from both the right and left ventricles.

  Truncus arteriosus
• Which is false about Patent Ductus Arteriosus?

  A.) involves left to right shunt

  B.) NewBorn will have a murmur

  C.) can treat with pharmcological prostagladndin Inhibitors

  D.) involves the foramen ovale

  E.) considered acyanotic

  involves the foremen ovale
• Which one is false about Restrictive Cardiomyopathy?

  a) biventricular heart failure, with left heart failure predominance

  b) etiologies including amyloidosis and sarcoidosis

  c) similar hemodynamic profile to constrictive pericarditis, with rapid "y descent" in the right atrium and "dip and plateau" rapid ventricular filling in the right ventricle

  d) usually normal pericardium

  e) reduced ventricular cavity sizes

  B

  i think its B
• Angina due to coronary artery spasm is called ____ angina.

  Prinzmetal variant
• Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of

  β-hemolytic streptococcal infection
• Coronary perfusion can be altered by all of the following except

  With increased beta receptor input there is decreased coronary artery filling time????
• Atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) cause kidneys to increase sodium and water excretion by increasing the glomerular filtration rate. True or False?

  (P.S not sure if this will be a T/F Question)

  True
• The Juxtaglomerular cells in the liver, when stimulated by low arterial pressure release renin activates angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. True or False?

  (P.S not sure if this will be a T/F Question)

  True
• A loud pan systolic murmur that radiates to the axilla is most likely a result of

  mitral regurgitation
• Aortic regurgitation is associated with

  diastolic murmur
• Tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they induce the production of

  catecholamines
• Aortic regurgitation is associated with

  diastolic murmur
• angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the

  conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
• Lactated Ringer solution and normal saline are commonly used _ solutions that contain electrolytes.

  Crystalloid
• Positive inotropic drugs work by increasing (Select all that apply.)

  contractility.

  cardiac output.

  tissue perfusion.

  myocardial oxygen demand.
• Which causes of shock are considered to be obstructive? (Select all that apply.)

  Pulmonary embolus

  Cardiac tamponade

  Tension pneumothorax
• Tachycardia is an early sign of low cardiac output that occurs because of

  baroreceptor activity
• Sepsis has been recently redefined as

  a systemic inflammatory response to infection.
• Massive release of histamine with consequent vasodilation and hypotension occurs with what type of shock?

  Anaphylactic
• The effect of nitric oxide on systemic arterioles is

  Vasodilation
• A patient's ECG lacks recognizable waveforms and is deemed to be in sinus arrest. The patient's sinus arrest may be a result of (Select all that apply.)

  MI.

  electrical shock.

  electrolyte disturbance.

  acidosis.
• The most common causes of heart failure are (Select all that apply.)

  myocardial ischemia

  hypertension
• A patient has heart failure with a normal ejection fraction. Which findings are most likely found in this patient? (Select all that apply.)

  Pulmonary congestion

  Edema

  Ejection fraction less than 45%
• Which statement is true about the incidence of heart failure? (Select all that apply.)

  Heart failure is the fastest-growing cardiac disorder.

  
  

  The increasing incidence and hospitalization rates of heart failure reflect the aging population in the United States.

  
  

  The incidence of heart failure is 10 per 1000 population after age 65.
• A patient with forward effects of heart failure may present with which symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

  Impaired memory

  Mental fatigue

  Confusion
• An abnormally wide (more than 0.10 second) QRS complex is characteristic of

  premature ventricular complexes
• First-degree heart block is characterized by

  prolonged PR interval
• Left-sided heart failure is characterized by

  pulmonary congestion
• Dysrhythmias are significant since they (Select all that apply.)

  can indicate an underlying disorder

  can impair cardiac output
• A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. The patient's symptomology is most likely related to

  hypotension
• Acute coronary syndrome in the presence of thrombosis may present as ( Select all that apply.)

  unstable angina

  MI.

  sudden cardiac arrest
• Which causes of shock are considered to be obstructive? (Select all that apply.)

  Pulmonary embolus

  Cardiac tamponade

  Tension pneumothorax
• Orthostatic hypotension is a risk factor for (Select all that apply.)

  stroke

  cognitive impairment

  death
• The common denominator in all forms of heart failure is

  reduced cardiac output
• Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to

  pulmonary stenosis
• Cardiogenic shock is characterized by

  Reduced CO
• The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is

  ST- segment elevation
• Hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds are classic manifestations of

  Cardiac tamponade