WHAP 5.1

• Enlightenment: 1750-1900 when people began to emphasize reason over tradition and individualism over community values (effect of the Scientific Revolution and Renaissance)
• Revolutions often had two aims: independence from imperial powers and constitutional representation
• Nationalism: feeling of intense loyalty to others who share one's language and culture (destroys multi ethnic emps)
• Empiricism: the belief that knowledge comes from sensed experience rather that relying on reasoning abt principles provided through tradition or religion (Francis Bacon)
• Locke's Social Contract: implied the right and responsibility of citizens to revolt against unjust gov; natural rights to live, liberty, and property
• Hobbes's Social Contract: natural state of bleakness and by social contract you give up rights to a cen gov in return for law and order
• Tabula Rasa: child is a blank slate; indiv intelligence, personality, and fate were not inherited BUT the enviroment and edu instead
• Montesquieu: checks on power, branches of American gov
• Voltaire: relgious liberty
• Jean Jacques Rousseau: expanded on social contract; general will of pop and obligation of sovereign to carry out the will of the people
• Adam Smith: laissez-faire/capitalism free market economics; econ sys where gov does not interfere with markets and things are privately owned
• Deism: belief that divinity simply set things into motion and then left them to run their course
• socialism: a political and economic system in which the means of production are owned or controlled by the community as a whole
• utopian socialists: those that felt the society could be channled in positive directions by setting up ideal communities; Karl Marx- capitalism would be destroyed and socialism would appear
• Classical liberals: Believe in the free market econ, constitutional gov, nat rights, less spending on churches and armies
• Feminism in the Enlightenment: Wollstonecraft, Seneca Falls Convention
• Abolition: movement to end Atl slave trade and free all enslaved people, USA weird case #s increased after importation stopped
• end of serfdom led to influx of new workers during the switch from agrarian to industrial, esp Russia
• Zionism: desire of Jews to re-est indep homeland in Middle East after battling anti-Semitism led from Theodor Herzl; Dreyfus Affair
• individualism: the belief that the most important person in society is the individual over the society as a community
• Natural rights: The rights that are inherent to human beings (Locke)