Speciation

• Reproductive isolation refers to the mechanisms that prevent individuals of different species from mating and producing viable offspring.
• There are two main types of speciation: allopatric (geographic) and sympatric (non-geographic).
• The process by which new species arise is called speciation.
• Allopatric speciation occurs when geographical barriers separate populations into isolated areas, preventing gene flow between them.
• Darwin's theory of evolution states that populations evolve over time through natural selection, leading to the formation of new species.
• Species are groups of organisms that can interbreed with one another but not with other similar groups.
• The process of speciation involves three stages: initial separation, accumulation of genetic differences, and reproductive isolation.
• Hybridization is the process by which two distinct populations produce hybrid offspring.