topic p3- particle model of matter

• particle model of a solid

  
• solid

  • strong forces of attraction
  • fixed, regular structure
  • vibrate to transfer energy
  • high particle density
• particle model of a liquid

  
• liquid

  • weaker forces of attraction
  • particle move past eachother in an irregular structure
  • particles have more energy than solids
  • less dense than solids
• particle model for a gas

  
• gas

  • almost no forces of attraction
  • particles move in random directions freely
  • fill their container
  • particle have more energy than other states
  • low density
• density

  • a measure of how compact the particles are within a substance
  • how much 'stuff' in a specific volume
• density = mass / volume

  density- kg/m^3

  mass- kg

  volume- m^3
• m = d x v

  
• finding the density of irregular objects

  • use a balance/ scales to find mass
  • fill a eureka can with water, place the object into the water
  • measure the amount of water that is displaced (removed) from the can
• eureka can

  
• internal energy

  • the total energy that a system's particles have in their kinetic and potential energy stores
  • heating a system will increase the energy in the particles kinetic energy stores, making them move faster and ultimately increase the internal energy
  • if the internal energy increases though, this will result in a change of state ~
• internal energy

  • as the water gets heated
  • particles energy increases
  • some matter changes state
  • internal energy increases
• internal energy

  
• specific latent heat (SLH)

  • energy needed to change the state of a substance
• specific latent heat

  
• specific latent heat

  • when a substance gets heated energy goes into increasing the particle energies
  • this results in a temperature increase
  • during a change of state, this energy goes into breaking bonds, so the temperature increase is stopped while this happens
• energy = mass x specific latent heat

  energy- j

  mass- kg

  specific latent heat- j/kg
• E = M x L

  
• particle motion in gases- pressure in gases

  
• particle motion in gases- pressure in gases

  • pressure is the force exerted per unit area
  • gases will move randomly inside a container and collide with both walls of the container and other particles
  • in a sealed container, the pressure is the total force exerted on the walls of the container