WHAP 5.3

• Industrial Revolution - a period of rapid economic growth in the 18th and 19th centuries bc of new technologies and industrialization
• Industrialization: increased mechanization of production and the social changes that accompanied it; textiles, steam power, and iron
• Industrialization happened because: Colombian exchange, maritime trading empires, increase agriculture, greater individual accumulation of capital
• Agriculture Revolution: before indust rev 1700s- crop rotation and seed drill increased food production
• Indust + medical care —> pop grow—> more people work in factories
• Brits cotton indust vs. India cotton indust: 18th cottage industry- imported cotton from slaves in America and women spun in finished cloth in homes
• Spinning Jenny- 1760s spin more than one thread at a time
• Water frame: 1769 water power to drive spinning wheel and more eff- doomed household textile industry and production moved to factories
• Richard Arkwright: patented the water frame, Father of the factory system
• Interchangeable Parts: Parts that can be replaced with other parts of the same type, by Eli Whitney 1798
• Interchange parts led to division of labor, no more skilled laborers needed to make parts
• specialization of labor: each worker focus on one type of task —> assembly line (Ford)
• Brit advantages: alt ocean seaways and well placed to import raw materials and export goods
• Brits on coal: vital to steam power
• Capital: money available to invest in businesses
• Abundant Rivers: transport of raw materials and finished goods inexpensive
• Protection of Private Property: entrepreneurial assurance that business created would not be taken away by others and/or gov
• Strong Fleets: for defense and commercial ships for trade; raw materials
• Growing Pop and Urbanization: farmers more food = Pop up, smaller % working in agriculture
• Enclosure Movement: instrumental in demographic change- rural to urban (Manchester + Liverpool)
• Bat Res: buildings with high ceilings so machines can move freely