WHAP 5.5

• Steam engine: James Watt 1765 inexpensive way to harness coal power into energy; trans and manu develop
• Second Industrial Revolution: late 19th-early 20th- chemicals, steel, precision machinery, and electronics
• Steamships rev sailing- mobile and dependable / anywhere and no wind
• Iron: coal made mass production possible; cast iron (strong but brittle) wrought iron (weaker but workable)
• Second Industrial Revolution: 19th-20th; steel, chemicals, precision machinery, and electronics; USA, UK, Germany
• Steel production: increase; Bessemer Process; backbone of indust
• Petroleum: kerosene 1850s--> gasoline 1900s
• Electricity + Communications: Gugliemo Marconi- radio form of mass media newfound impact
• Telegraph: instant communication
• Transcontinental Railroad: Alt and Pac oceans 1869; US indust growth; nat resour + ability to trans effic = US indust nation
• Desire for capital: driving force domestically and abroad; directly linked farmers, miners, manufacturers, customers, and investors globally for the 1st time in history
• Industrialized countries sought to protect their access to resources and markets by establishing colonies: need for raw resources that are cheap, abundant, and maintained by the colonizers
• Railroads, Steamships, and telegraph: develop interior regions --> increased trade and migration