WHAP 5.8

• Growing inhumanity of the industrial era - social reforms, utopian societies
• Labour unions: organizations of workers that advocated for the right to bargain with employers and put the resulting agreements in a contract (Britain)
• British gov unions as enemies of trade- minimum wage laws, limits of hours, overtime pay, and five day work week
• British reform of franchise to all men in 1918; 1928 women
• Law that stopped children from working; law edu mandatory: permanently redefined the role of children in urban society
• John Stuart Mill: Brit, legal reforms to allow labour unions, limit child labour, and ensure safe working conditions in factories
• Mill's utilitarianism: greatest good for the greatest amount of people ; ; rather than set of moral rules; address growing problems as saw it
• Karl Marx: German, socialism/communism; theory of historical materialism, 1848 Communist Manifesto
• Proletariat: The working class


  Bourgeoisie: middle class and investors who owned
• Mahmud II: reformed Ottoman system; abolition of feudal system, tax directly to gov, no Jannissaries
• Ottoman industrialization: benefit men > women because secular (copying problems)
• China's Self Strengthening Movement: stable gov; indep state = econ solvency
• China: graft modern ideas and tech on tradition
• Hundred Days of Reform: civil service exam and corruption gone, western style indust, commerical, medical systems in
• Tanzimat: reforms after Mahmud; Hatt-i Humayun update legal system, secular edu, regulate millets (sep legal courts using relig laws)
• Empress Dowager Cixi: conservative, end of rule saw the problems
• china accepted territorial "protection" from western powers who in return demanded trade concessions
• Samurai dissolved: some became genros (elder statemen)
• Some samurai resisted and because victims of modernization; same people pf meiji restore
• Turkey early, liberal to conser

  China later, conser to lib

  Japan dramatic rapid, backlash