Geography

• Physical weathering is the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces without changing their composition.
• The main types of weathering are physical, chemical, and biological.
• Sinking air causes high pressure
• What do producers do?

  Make there own food
• What do primary consumers eat?

  Producers
• What do secondary consumers eat?

  Primary consumers
• What do decomposers do?

  They break down organic material and release nutrients back into soil
• What is the difference between food web and food chain?


  Food chain only shows one link, However food web shows more then one link of energy movement.
• What is abiotic

  Non Living e.g weather
• What is biotic?


  Living e.g Animals
• What is interdependence?

  When 2 or more organisms rely on each other
• List the 4 lyers of Tropical rainforest in order

  -Emergent layer -Upper canopy -Lower canopy -Forest floor
• Give 2 Plant adaptions in tropical rainforests

  1 - Leafs have a wide surface area to receive as much sunlight 2 - Buttress roots are above the soil to provide stability for tall trees
• Give 2 Animal adaptations in Tropical rainforest

  1- Sloth moves slowly and camoflauge to avoid being spotted by predators 2- Toucans have long beaks to reach and cut fruit
• What is deforestation?

  Cutting down of trees
• What is 2 Impacts of deforestation?

  1- Reduces number of carbon trees can store, so they are realesed to the atmosphere 2- Destroys tribes which relay on the forest
• What is 2 causes of Deforestation

  1- Logging (cutting down trees to obtain wood) 2 - Farming
• What are 3 sustainable ways to manage tropical rainforest


  1- Selective logging - cutting down certain trees 2- Replanting - Planting trees to replace old trees chopped down 3- Ecoturism - Tourism that minimses damage to environemnt
• Give 2 adapations of the cactus to hot deserts


  - Have thick, fleshy stem to store water - spines all ove them to prevent other organisms from landing and stealing water
• Give 2 adapations of the camel


  - large hump to store fat - long eyelashes to keep sand out eyes
• Give 2 adaptations of the fennec fox


  - thick fur to stay warm during cold nights - large ears to radiate het and keep cool
• Give 2 adaptations of the red acacia


  - spines all over it to prevent other oragnisms from feeding of it - deep roots to stabilise the tree in dry soil
• What is desertification?

  When land becomes more desert like
• What are the causes of desetification?

  - Climte change - overpopulation
• give 2 solutions to desertification

  - planting more trees so there are more roots to hold soil together,making the soil less vulnerable tosoil erosion -appropiate techonolgys, such as stone lines to maximise the water that falls, and prevents water in soil from being evaporated from the sun
• what are the challenges of the sahara desert?

  - extreme temperature, making it hard to work - limited water supply, making it harder to evolop industry and agriculutre - inaccesibilit, it takes 5 days to tranport salt from mali
• what is the oppurtinites of the sahara desert?

  -solar energy, lots of sunshine, so solar energy is very useful -Tourism, very high tourisms , which menas job get paid more, and more jobs are made, so more ppl hve to pay more taxes
• What is biodiversity?

  variety of living organisms in a habitat
• Explain One bioligical weathering

  When plants grow through rock and the roots expand the rock causing rocks to break
• Explain one physical weathering

  When water gets into rock and freezes, when melted the pressure causes rock to break
• What are the 3 types of mass movement?

  Landslide Mudslide Rockfall
• Explain rockfall

  When rocks from cliffs are broken off usually becuase of freeze thaw weathering and fall down slopes
• Explain Landslide

  Blocks of rocks slide down hill
• Explain Mudslide

  Very wet soil and rock slides downhill
• What is erosion

  breaking down of rocks and they are carried way by somethingg
• What are 3 types of erosion

  Attrition Abrasion Hydraulic action
• Explain attrition

  When rock particles in the water smash into together making them both smaller
• Explain abrasion

  When rock particles scrape and rub agaisnt rock causing the rock to get smaller
• Explain hydraulic action

  When the waves force water and air into rocks, which causes the rock to expand and break
• How is headlands and bay formed

  Soft rock in th middle eroded quicker then the hard rock on the outside, so the erosion causes the soft rock to go inwards forming a beach and the headland will stick out.