DRRM

• According to UNISDR (2004), Disaster means that “It is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society causing widespread human, material, economic, or environmental losses, which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope, using its own resources.”

• According to WHO (2002), Disaster means that it is “any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of

  health and health services.”
• Disaster Definitions:

  • a multidimensional impact affecting not only the socioeconomic and political life but also the mental and cultural state of the affected area.
  • disrupts the people’s normal day-to-day life such as school life, business activities, and government services.
  • a condition which overpowers local capacity
• It is a situation or an occurrence with capacity to bring damages to lives, properties, and the environment. It is also a dangerous phenomenon or a human activity or condition that may cause loss of livelihoods and services as well as social and economic disruption.

  Hazard
• Characteristics of Hazard:

  • Dangerous situation that poses a threat to human life
  • Less critical consequences
  • Take its full shape after a series of events, which might have led it to happen
• Characteristics of Disaster:

  • Event that completely causes damage to human life and property
  • More critical consequences and more catastrophic
  • Happens in a short time, causing more severe effects
• It is a type of hazard that refers to the natural phenomenon that pose threats or cause negative impacts to people and property.

  Natural Hazards
• Human-Made Hazards is a type of hazard that includes civil conflict, environmental degradation, industrial technological hazards (leakage of toxic waste, oil spill, fish kills, nuclear, gaseous, chemical contamination, drought, fire, and flood.
• Flooding and drought can fall under this type of hazard if these are due to deforestation.

  Combination or Socio-Natural Hazards
• Vulnerability is present in the community or society even before a disaster happens. It precedes disaster; contribute to its severity, impede disaster response, and may continue to exist long after a disaster has struck.
• These sector is also called as the abused sector, wherein these people are at the lowest levels of the society and their capacities are low and not sufficient to withstand and overcome the damaging effects of disasters. This includes farmers, urban poor, laborers, indigenous people, PWDs, women, and children.

  Most Vulnerable Sectors
• This sector have capacities that start from their own ability to acquire material resources; skills and trainings; and position in the society. This includes the professionals, small entrepeneurs, and others similar to those who belong to the higher levels of society.

  Less Vulnerable Sectors
• This sector has a high position in the community or society.

  Not Vulnerable Sectors
• Capacity refers to all the strengths, attributes, and resources available within a community, organization, or society that can be used to achieve an agreed goal.
• Examples of Capacity:

  • Ownership of land and safe location and construction of home
  • Adequate income and food sources
  • Savings
  • Local knowledge
  • Family and community support
  • Response local government
  • Enabling legislation
  • Strong community organizations
• Risk explains that it is an anticipated or potential consequences of a specific hazard interacting with a specific community at a specific time.
• The Three Functions of Risk:

  • Hazard
  • Vulnerability
  • Exposure
• What do you call the change or likelihood of suffering harm and loss as a result of a hazardous event?

  Disaster Risk
• This refers to the elements at risk from a natural or man-made hazard.


  Exposure
• It is the condition determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors which increase the susceptibility of a community.

  Vulnerability
• The 2 Classification of Hazards:

  1. Natural
  2. Human-Induced
• The 2 Types of Natural Hazard:

  1. Geological Hazard - occurs on the Earth's crust
  2. Hydrometeorological Hazard - atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic in nature
• The 3 Types of Human-Induced Hazards:

  1. Biological Hazard - viruses or bacteria, medical waste, microbiological samples, toxic chemicals
  2. Technological Hazard - accidents, collapsed structures, explosions
  3. Socio-Natural Hazard - natural hazard with overexploited land
• Risk factors are the processes or conditions, often development-related, that influence the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure and vulnerability or reducing capacity.
• 3 Types of Hazard:

  1. Natural Hazard - natural processes
  2. Quasi-Natural Hazard - natural processes and human activities
  3. Technological Hazard - human activities