Water

• Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
• Colvalent bonding is when electrons are shared between atoms.
• If covalent bond forms between different atoms the electrons are not evenly shared. So the molecule has a slightly positive part and a slightly negative part. This seperation of charge is called a dipole.
• Water has covalent bonds between O and H. O is slightly negative and H is slightly positive.
• Hydrogen bonds are present between two water molecules,
• Water is a universal solvent, meaning it can dissolve a wide variety of substances.
• Water is an excellent transport medium because dipole nature allows a variety of substances to dissolve in it.
• Water has high specific heat capacity because hydrogen bonds between water molecules require a lot of energy to break. This keeps aquatic environment temperature constant and prevents sudden fluctuations of temperature.
• Water has high latent heat of vaporisation so it is used as a coolant.
• Water has high latent heat of fusion.
• an water. At 4 degrees water reaches its maximum density. BEyondIce is less dense. As it cools further the molecules are more widely spaced.
• Water is cohesive due to the hydrogen bonds between molecules, meaning they stick together.
• Water is adhesive so they are attractive to other different molecules.
• Water has high surface tension because the attraction between water molecules is stronger than the attraction between water molecules and the air.