Health

• Unintentional injuries are harmful acts that occurred without any intention of causing damage to oneself or others
• First Aid is immediate and temporary care given to a person who suddenly gets ill or injured
• Includes self-help and home care if medical assistance is not available or delayed
• Can mean the difference between life and death in extreme cases
• Objectives of First Aid:

  • To save lives
  • To prolong life
  • To alleviate suffering
  • To prevent further injury
• Characteristics of First Aid:

  • Gentle: does not cause pain and panic
  • Observant: notices all signs
  • Resourceful: makes the best use of things at hand
  • Tactful: does not frighten the victim
  • Sympathetic: comforts and reassures the victim
• Roles of First Aid:

  • Acts as a bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the physician
  • Not intended to compete with or take the place of the services of the Physician
  • Ends when the services of the Physician begin
• ★ Dressing piece of sterile cloth that covers a wound to prevent infection and/or to stop

  bleeding
• WOUNDS ★ break in the continuity of a tissue in the body ★ may be closed in which there is no break or damage in the skin ★ also called hematoma or contusion
• ★ Dressing - piece of sterile cloth that covers a wound to prevent infection and/or to stop bleeding
• Wound


  A break in the continuity of a tissue in the body
• Closed wound


  • No break or damage in the skin, also called hematoma or contusions
• Kinds of wounds

  • Puncture
  • Abrasion
  • Incision
  • Laceration
  • Avulsion
• Puncture


  A piercing wound caused by nails, needles and other pointed objects
• Abrasion


  Caused by rubbing or scraping the skin against a rough surface
• Incision


  A cut caused by knife, broken glass or any sharp objects
• Laceration


  A blunt breaking or tearing of soft tissues usually resulting from mishandling tools and other accidents
• Avulsion

  A forcible tearing or partial tearing away of tissues
• Unintentional injuries


  Harmful acts that occurred without any intention of causing damage to oneself or others
• Other than the home, the most common places of unintentional injuries outside the home are streets, highways, and recreational areas
• Prevention is better than cure
• First Aid


  Immediate and temporary care given to a person who suddenly gets ill or injured
• Objectives of First Aid

  • To save lives
  • To prolong life
  • To alleviate suffering
  • To prevent further injury
• Characteristics of a good first aider

  • Gentle
  • Observant
  • Resourceful
  • Tactful
  • Sympathetic
• Roles of First Aid

  It is a bridge that feels the gap between the victim and the physician

  It is not intended to compete with or to take place of the services of the physician

  It ends when the services of the physician begins
• Principles of First Aid - Do's

  • Stay Calm
  • Reassure and comfort the victim
  • Check for medical bracelet
  • Loosen any tight clothing
  • Keep the victim covered to reduce shock
• Principles of First Aid - Don'ts

  • Don't give food and drink to an unconscious person

  Don't move an injured person unless need to place him/her in the recovery position
• Cold compress


  Used to reduce swelling and relieve pain, especially used for sprains and strains
• Cold packs


  • Used as cold compress
• Hot compress

  Used to allow normal blood circulation
• Cold and hot compress are applied alternately

  For closed wounds or contusions
• Fireman Carry

  • Easiest way to transport a light and smaller victim
• Pack strap carry


  • When the victim is smaller than the first aider
• Shoulder drag

  • Use when the floor is smooth, short distance transport
• Fireman drag or tied hands crawl


  • Used when first aider and victim must crawl underneath a low structure
• Blanket drag


  • Used when the victim is seriously injured and should not be lifted
• Three or more man transport

  • Hammock carry
  • Chair or seat carry
  • Bearer along side carry
  • Six man lift
• Fracture


  Break or crack in a bone. Can be open (pierces skin) or closed (skin intact)
• Dislocation


  Partial or complete displacement of the bones
• Sprain

  Injury to the ligaments of a bone due to accidental tearing or overstreching