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Figures of speech
are literary devices used in a distinctive way to produce a rhetorical or creative effect
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Figures of speech
are used extensively in both literature and everyday language to convey meanings beyond the literal sense of the words
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Simile
:
An indirect comparison using "as", "like", or "such as"
Example: She danced like a leaf in the wind, His temper was as explosive as a volcano
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Metaphor
:
A direct comparison without using "as", "like", or "such as"
Example: The classroom was a battlefield during the debate, Hope is a beacon in the night
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Personification
:
Giving human qualities to non-human entities
Example: The wind sang through the meadow, The old car groaned as it started
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Apostrophe
:
Addressing someone absent, non-human, or an abstract idea directly
Example: Fortune, how you change with time!, Moon, guide me through my darkest hour
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Allusion
:
A brief reference to a well-known person, event, or object in history or literature
Example: He has the Midas touch in business, Their love story was quite the Romeo and Juliet
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Hyperbole
:
An exaggerated statement not meant to be taken literally
Example: I've told you a thousand times!, I'm so hungry I could eat a horse
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Litotes
:
An understatement for emphasis, often using double negatives
Example: He's not unlike his father, Winning the lottery wouldn't be a bad thing
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Metonymy
:
Using a closely related object or concept as a substitute for the actual thing
Example: The crown will find an heir (Crown representing royalty), The pen is mightier than the sword (Pen representing writing, sword representing military force)
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Synecdoche
:
A part of something represents the whole, or vice versa
Example: The world needs more hands (Hands representing people), He bought a beautiful set of wheels (Wheels representing a car)
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Paradox
:
A statement that contradicts itself but contains a plausible kernel of truth
Example: Less is more, I must be cruel to be kind
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Oxymoron
:
A phrase that combines two contradictory terms
Example: Bitter sweet, Living death
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