Lesson 7 - APA Citation

• APA Citation - American Psychological Association
• A citation is a reference to your source.
• Citation gives specific information, so that your readers may find it.
• Citation gives brief information in the text and detailed information in the reference list.
• Two Parts of Citation: In-Text & Reference List.
• In-text Citation use only a few details of the source: author, date, and the statement.
• Reference List provide more information about the source, so that the reader can find it if they wish.
• Examples of Citation:

  Book: (Kersten, 1997, p.134)

  (Kersten, 1997, pp.134-137)

  Video: (Kersten, 1997, 00:34)

  Page: (Kersten, 1997, para. 7)
• The 3Ws of In-text Citation are who, when, and what.
• In-text Citation: Who - Author (last name)
• In-text Citation: When - Date: the copyright date of the book, found on the copyright page.
• In-text Citation: What - Statement: It is the statement of the person: Quoted statement directly from a book, website, and other sources. Paraphrased/summarized information from a book, website, and other sources.
• The two types of In-text Citation are Parenthetical and Narrative In-text citation.
• Parenthetical In-text Citation is put in a parenthesis and is put after the statement. (Villar, 2022)
• Narrative In-text Citation' s Author is outside the parenthesis and the year is inside the parenthesis. It is put in the statement and is followed by a verb. Villar (2022) stated...
• One Author

  Parenthetical: (Harris, 2020)

  Narrative: Harris (2020)
• Two Authors

  Parenthetical: (Harris & Johnny, 2020)

  Narrative: Harris and Johnny (2020)
• Three or more Authors

  Parenthetical: (Harris et al., 2020)

  Narrative: Harris et al. (2020)
• Group or Organization of Authors

  Parenthetical: (NCT, 2020)

  Narrative: NCT (2020)
• Abbreviated group of authors

  Parenthetical:

  -- First Citation: (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2020)

  -- Subsequent Citation: (CDC, 2020)

  Narrative:

  -- First Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2020)

  -- Subsequent Citation: CDC (2020)
• No Author: Use the source title

  (Source Title, 2020)
• No Date: n.d. for no date

  (Mark, n.d.)
• No Page Number: Use an alternative locator or omit the page number.

  (Mark, 2020, 03:46) (Mark, 2020)
• We should use In-text Citation both when quoting directly and when paraphrasing or summarizing.
• 4Ws of Citing Reference:

  Who - author

  When - date

  What: title

  Where: source location: book publisher, url