DNA

• DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division.
• 3 parts of nucleotides sugar,phosphate,nitrogenous base.
• Nitrogenous bases adenine (A) Thymine (T and DNA Only) cytosine (C) guanine (G) and uracil (U and RNA only)
• Dna stores genetic information using its sequence of A´s T´s C´s and G´s
• This genetic information is the instructions to make an organism´s proteins
• Dna- Deoxyribonucleic acid
• Structure of DNA it´s a double helix and is double-stranded. It's made of deoxyribose sugar. Its nitrogenous bases are ATCG
• What is the base strucure of DNA?

  Double Helix and Double stranded
• DNA is located in the Nucleus
• RNA helps DNA make protiens
• 3 types of RNA mRNA, rRNA and tRNa
• RNA- Ribonucleicacid
• The structure of RNA is single-stranded with NO double-helix. It's made of ribose sugar. Its nitrogenous bases are AUCG.
• RNA is located in the Nucleus and Cytoplasm
• A pairs with T, A pairs with U and C pairs with G
• Whenever cells divide (mitosis), DNA must be copied
• DNA replication is the process of making a copy of DNA.
• The DNA made during DNA replication is an exact copy of the original DNA.
• Since replication uses existing DNA as a template, it is semiconservative.
• • Semiconservative means that each DNA molecule consists of an original strand and a new strand.
• • DNA strands are connected by hydrogen bonds (weak).
• Copying DNA requires many enzymes (proteins).
• • Helicase separates DNA strands
• DNA Polymerase - adds nucleotides and proofreads
• • Ligase links new strands of DNA
• The enzyme helicase “unzips” or separates the two strands of DNA.
• DNA polymerase adds the nucleotides of the new strands using the old strand as a template.
• Finally, ligase links together the pieces of new DNA.
• • This idea that DNA → RNA → Proteins is called the Central Dogma.
• A section of DNA that codes for a protein is called a gene.
• Protein synthesis is the process of making proteins.
• Transcription is the first step in protein synthesis.
• Translation is the second step in protein synthesis.
• Transcription is located in the nuclues
• • DNA unwinds where the gene is. 
  • RNA polymerase uses DNA as a template to make an mRNA copy (transcript).
  • Now the mRNA copy can leave the nucleus. 
• • codons a sequence of 3 nucleotides that code for an amino acid (the building blocks of proteins) 
• mRNA: carries DNA message as codons
• rRNA: makes up ribosomes
• tRNA: matches anti-codon to mRNA codon to bring the correct amino acid
• The location of Translation is the Cytoplasm and Rough-ER