Sq

• MACULE

  • A flat circumscribed lesion showing change

  in color without change in its consistency.

  Macules are nonpalpable.

  • They are 0.5cm-1cm in size.

  • Discoloration may be brown, blue ,red and

  hypopigmented or hyperpigmented.
• PAPULE

  • A small, solid lesion, surface, <0.5cm in diameter, raised above the surrounding skin & hence palpable.
  • may be of various colors
• PLAQUE

  It is an indurated area of skin larger than 0.5 cm in diameter which may be raised or depressed from skin surface
• NODULE

   A large (0.5 - 5.0 cm), firm lesion raised above the

  surface of surrounding skin.

   It is the depth of involvement that differentiates a

  nodule from a large papule.

   Could be warm, soft, fluctuant, movable, fixed or

  painful.

   Surface-smooth, keratotic,ulcerated or fungating.
• VESICLE

   A small, fluid filled lesion, <0.5

  cm in diameter, raised above

  the plane of surrounding skin.

  Fluid is often visible and the

  lesions are translucent
• PUSTULE

  • A vesicle filled with pus.

  • It is formed due to

  collection of inflammatory

  exudate rich in leucocytes.

  • It may contain bacteria or

  may be sterile.
• ABSCESS

  • A localized collection

  of pus deep in dermis

  or subcutaneous tissue

  • Due to deep seated

  location pus may not be visible on skin

  surface but would show sign of

  inflammation.
• WHEAL

  • It is a transient swelling of skin disappearing within 24 hrs.

  • It is formed due to sudden extravasation of fluid in the dermis.

  • Eg: urticaria
• CYST

  • It is a spherical or oval sac of an encapsulated cavity containing fluid or semi solid material.

  • It is lined with true epithelium.

  • Eg:- mucous retention cyst
• BULLA

  • A fluid filled, raised, often translucent lesion >0.5cm on dimater
• SCALE

  • Excess dead epidermal cells that are produced by abnormal keratinzation and shredding.
• CRUST

  • Dried exudates of body fluids (blood/ serous fluid).

  • Which might be either yellow or red.
• EROSION

  • A focal loss of epidermis

  • Erosions do not penetrate below the

  dermoepidermal junction and therefore heal without scarring

  • E.g. tinea pedis, candidiasis, eczema-tous

  disease, herpes simplex
• ULCER

  • A focal loss of epidermis and/or dermis

  • Scarring depends on the depth of the ulcer

  • Eg- chancroid, pyoderma, gangrenosum,

  decubitus
• FISSURE

  • It is a linear loss of continuity of skin due to

  excessive tension.

  • Eg. Eczema (fingertips, intertrigo)
• SCAR

  • It is replacement of normal skin by fibrous tissue in the process of healing of damaged skin

  • Scars are two types-hypertrophic and atrophic

  • Eg: acne, burns, herpes zoster, keloid
• KELOID

  • Area of overgrowth of fibrous tissue that usually develops after healing of skin injury & extends beyond the original defect.
• ATROPHY

  • It is reduction in size and number of skin cells

  • It may be limited to epidermis, dermis or

  subcutaneous tissue

  • E.g: leprosy, atrophoderma, lipoatrophy
• LICHENIFICATION

  • Repeated rubbing of skin results in thickening

  and hyperpigmentation of skin

  • The skin markings become prominent.

  • Eg. Lichen simplex chronicus, Atopic dermatitis