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Grade 11 Bio
The Nature of Heredity
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Chromosomes
are found in the
nucleus
of all
eukaryotic
cells
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Chromosomes
vary widely between
organisms
of different
species
in their
number
,
shape
, and
size
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Most chromosomes are found in
sets
(
diploid
), for example, humans have
2
sets of
23
chromosomes in body cells
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Haploid cells have
half
the normal number of
chromosomes
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Polyploids contain
three or more sets of chromosomes
, and many plants are
polyploids
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Asexual reproduction
:
New individual is produced from a
single parent cell
by
cell division
,
genetically identical
to the
parent
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Advantages of
asexual reproduction
:
Parent
does not have to seek out a
mate
Does not perform
specialized mating behaviors
Lacks
specialized anatomy
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Disadvantages of asexual reproduction:
Lacks diversity
, leading to
decreased genetic variability
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Sexual reproduction
:
Individuals are produced by the
fusion
of
two sex cells
,
genetically different
from
either parent
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Advantages of sexual reproduction:
Increased genetic variability
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Disadvantages of sexual reproduction:
Energy
and
resources
required for generation/
protection
of
sex cells
Difficulties
surrounding
fertilization
, such as
special characteristics
or
behaviors
(antlers, showy flowers, mating behaviors) that may
increase
the chances of
predation
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Summary:
Genetic
information is stored in
DNA
molecules within the
chromosomes
of
cells
Genes
, which carry
heritable
information, are found at distinct locations on a
chromosome
Chromosome number
,
shape
, and
size
vary from species to species
Asexual reproduction
results in
offspring
that are
genetically identical
to their single parent
Sexual reproduction
results in
offspring
that are
genetically variable
, inheriting
half
of their
genetic information
from each of
two parents
View source
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