NEMATODES

• Aphasmids: Trichinella spiralis - Trichuris trichiura - Capillaria philippinensis
• Phasmids: Ascaris lumbricoides - Strongyloides stercoralis - Hookworms - Enterobius vermicularis - Filarial worms
• Tissue Nematodes (1) : Brugia malayi - Onchocerca volvulus - Loa loa - Dirofilaria immitis (bold)
• Tissue nematodes (2)Trichinella spiralis - Wuchereria bancrofti - Gnathostoma spinigerum (twg)
• Larva Migrans in Man nematodes: Dracunculus medinensis - Angiostrongylus cantonensis - Ancylostoma caninum - Ancylostoma braziliense
• trichinella is also known as pork worm
• infective stage of trichinella spiralis is encysted larva , diagnostic stage is encysted larva and definitive host is swines
• trichinella spiralis accidental host are humans
• trichuris trichiura is also known as whipworm
• female trichuris has bluntly rounded posterior end and has single uterus and ovary
• trichuris trichiura ova has a prominent bipolar plug , football shaped and has a triple shell covering
• trichuris trichiura infective stage is embryonated egg diagnostic stage is unsegmented egg and definitive host are humans
• trichuris trichiura can cause pathologic diseases like rectal prolapse
• Capillaria philippinensis was 1st recognized in the Philippines in 1963 at Bacarra, Ilocos Norte
• anterior of female capillaria philippinensis has esophagus and esophageal glands
• posterior of female capillaria philippinensis has intestine and reproductive system
• Atypical Female – larviparous
• Typical Female – oviparous
• egg of capillaria has bipolar mucous plugs that are not protruberant•shell is thick and pitted which appear asstriations hence peanut-shaped
• capillaria phillipinensis infective stage is L3 larva diagnostic stage is egg larva or adult seen in stool definitive host are humans and intermediate host are fishes
• enterobius vermicularis is also known as pinworm
• enterobius vermicularis infective stage is embryonated egg diagnostic stage is ova and ddefinitive host are humans
• male enterobius has a curved tail with spicule and cephalic alae and die after copulation
• ebterobius female has a long pointed tail and can lay eggs as much as 4, 672 to 16, 888 eggs/day
• male ascaris have a terminalmouth with three lips with a sensory papillae and ventrallycurved posterior end withtwo spicules
• female ascaris have a terminal mouthwith three lips with a sensorypapillae , paired reproductive organs in the posterior 2/3 Posterior end is blunt
• ascaris lumbricoides infective stage is embryonated egg diagnostic stage is egg definitive host is humans
• disease for strongyloides stercoralis is cochin-china diarrhea
• strongyloides has slender tapering anteriorend and a short conical pointed tail•the short buccal cavity has 4indistinct lips
• feeding stage larva of strongyloides stercoralis is rhabditiform larva
• non-feeding stage of strongyloides stercoralis is filariform larva
• strongyloides stercoralis infectice stage is l3 larva diagnostic stage is rhabditiform larva and definitive host are human and monkeys
• hookworms Posses a bursa and exhibits dental pattern
• hookworm non-infective , feeding stage is rhabditiform larva
• hookworm infective , non-feeding stage is filariform larva
• hookworm egg is ovoidal thin shelled colorless like a morula ball
• blood and tissue nematodes requires arthropods as an intermediate host
• male trichinella has cloaca found at caudal end which is evertible during coitus
• male trichuris has coiled caudal extremity about 360 degrees or more with a single lanceolate spicule protrudes through arefractile penial sheath which has a bulbous termination
• male trichinella has no spicule and posterior end is curved ventrally