Chapter 6(11): Launguage Development

• Phonology: Phoneme: basic units of sound
• Morphology: the rules that govern names from sounds
• Semantics: the expressed meaning of sentences
• Free morphemes are singular words with meaning: when I say Dog, you know what I mean
• Bound morphemes: adds meaning to a free ----- like -s
• Syntax: rules for meaningful word combinations
• Pragmatics: knowledge on how language is used to communicate
• Sociolinguistic Knowledge: knowing what the context calles for when communicating
• Nonverbal Signs: Body Language, Facial Expressions, Gestures, Posture, and Tone of Voice
• Learning or Empiricist persepective: Operant conditioning, and imitation is what causes language to come about in a child
• Nativist Persepective: Something that is programed in us to acquire language. Noam Chomsky and Dan Slobins
• Nativist argue that the brain specalized in speach it must be inate to humans
• Language is due to: enviroment, biological, and cognative
• supportes neeeded for language: Joint activities with parents, child directed speech (mom high voice)
• Prelinguistic Period: early sensitivity to speech, making coo(-ing noises), can discriminate phonemes
• Vocables: Consistent use of sounds in specific situations
• Kids will learn to take turns when speaking, to gesture, and use body language
• Declarative gesture: pointing to something to bring attention
• Imperative gesture: gesturing to ask a request of someone
• Receptive language: ability to comprehend and understand
• Productive language: Language that is used to communicate information, ideas, and feelings.
• Holophrastic Period: one word at a time, rapid language acquisition
• Holophrase - single word meaning a sentence
• Multimodal Motherese: highly exaggerated language that is used to learn and teach kiddos
• Referential style: toddlers using language to label
• Expressive Style: toddlers expressing themselves and understanding others, social interactions
• Fast Mapping process: toddlers being able to quickly acquire language, improves with age
• Overextention: one word used to describe everything. Car for every form of transportation
• Underextension: using general words to ask for something specific. Candy for a starburst
• Syntactical Bootstrapping: guessing language based on context
• Lexical Contrast: new words and how they relate to old words
• Mutual Exclusivity: Mom can mean your mom or their mom
• Telegraphic period: two word communication, only crucial context
• Overregularization: using grammatical morphemes in a way that does work. runned, mices, wented
• Transformational rules: asking questions, negative sentences, complex sentences
• Object scope constraint: when a child will assume that the singular part is part of the whole object