Long term effects

• Skeletal system effects:

  • Bone density increases
  • Increased strength of ligaments and tendons
• Skeletal system impacts:

  • Thicker bones withstand more force
  • Prevents osteoporosis
  • Greater stability at joints
• Muscular system effects:

  • Muscle hypertrophy occurs
  • Muscular endurance increases
• Muscular system impacts:

  • Increased strength
  • Increased resistance to fatigue
• Cardiovascular system effects:

  • Heart hypertrophy occurs
  • Resting heart rate decreases
  • Resting stroke volume increases
  • Maximum cardiac output increases
  • Recovery rate increases
  • Capilliarisation increases
  • Increased red blood cells
  • Reduced resting blood pressure
• Cardiovascular system impacts:

  • Increased blood flow and red blood cells therefore increased oxygen able to be delivered to the working muscles for energy production and fatigue resistance
  • Increased efficiency of gas exchange
• Respiratory system effects:

  • Increased vital capacity
  • Increased alveoli
  • Increased strength of respiratory muscles
• Respiratory system impacts:

  • Increased rate of gas exchange and oxygen delivered to working muscles
  • CO2 removal
  • Increased minute ventilation
  • Increased tidal volume