Cytoplasm

• The cytoplasm is the fluid portion of the cell that surrounds the nucleus.
• The cell membrane maintains homeostasis of the cell by controlling what enters and exits.
• Organelles include mitochondria (energy production), ribosomes (protein synthesis), endoplasmic reticulum (synthesizing proteins and lipids), Golgi apparatus (packaging and sorting molecules), lysosomes (digestion of waste materials), peroxisomes (breakdown of toxic substances), cytoskeleton (provides structure and support to the cell), centrioles (part of the spindle fibers during cell division).
• Ribosomes are made up of two subunits (small and large) and can be found free-floating or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
• Mitochondria are responsible for energy production through aerobic respiration.
• Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and play a role in programmed cell death.