Cards (24)

  • Reactant ---> Product (forward reaction)
  • Reactant <--- Product (backward reaction)
  • If more reactants are added, the equilibrium shifts towards products.
  • irreversible is when the reaction doesnt change back
  • reversible is when the reaction is able to change back
  • Haber process : N2 + 3H2 โ‡Œ 2NH3 (Os = Catalyst)
  • Reversible hydration of salts : CuSO4 . 5H2O ---> CuSO4 + 5H2O
  • Esterification : CH3COOH + C2H3OH โ‡Œ CH3COOC2H2 + H2O
  • Temperature of equilibrium : 2SO2 + O2 โ‡Œ 2SO3
  • Temperature increases, It is endothermic
  • Temperature decreases, it is exothermic
  • Pressure increase, gas molecules decrease
  • Pressure decrease, gas molecules increase
  • Concentration increase, decrease of substance
  • Concentration decrease, increase of substance
  • The haber process is used to create ammonia
  • Haber process should have low temperature and high pressure
  • Favourable conditions for haber process
    1. Temperature : 450 C
    2. Pressure : 20,000 Pa
    3. Catalyst : Fe (Iron)
    4. N2 & H2 ratio : 1:3
  • Ammonia is used as a fertiliser and in the production of explosives.
  • Fertilizers are substances that are added to soil to replace essential elements, lost when crops grow faster and increase yield
  • Contact process is the industrial process for making sulfuric acid
  • Contact process :
    • S + O2 --> SO2
    • 2SO2 + O2 --> 2SO
    • SO3 + H2SO4 --> H2S2O7
  • Contact process conditions :
    1. Temperature : 450 C
    2. Pressure : 20,000 Pa
    3. Catalyst : V2O5
  • Haber process equations :
    • N2 + 3H2 โ‡Œ 2NH3
    • CH4 + H2O --> CO + H2
    • CO + H2O --> CO2 + H2
    • C2H6 --> C2H4 + H2