Comparison of approaches

• what is holism ?

  summary - considers a person as an indivisible system

  Holism is the idea that a system should be viewed as a whole, rather than as a collection of individual parts.
• Reductionism 


  Breaks Down behaviour into its constituent parts
• Determinism


  behaviour is determined by internal or external factors acting upon the individual
• What is hard determinism

  View that all behaviour is caused by factors outside of our control and there is no room for free will
• Soft determinism 


  VIEW that all behaviour does have a cause , but not by internal/external events but by our Own Wishes/conscious desires
• Which approaches are hard deterministic ?

  Biological , behaviourism , psychodynamic
• Which approaches are Soft deterministic

  Cognitive , SLT
• What is free will

  Humans operate as active agents who determine their own development
• Which approach believes in free will and holism

  Humanism
• What is nature

  Behaviour is a product of innate biological factor
• What is nurture

  Behaviour is a product Of environmental influences
• Which approaches believe in nurture

  Behaviourism , SLT
• Which approaches believe in nature

  Biological
• Which approaches are a mixture of both nature and nurture

  COGNITIVE , psychodynamic, humanism

  COGNITIVE (schemas and info-processing abilities are innate but they are refined through experience )

  PSYCHODYNAMIC ( behaviour driven by biological drives and instincts, but believed relationships with parents influenced future developments )

  HUMANISM (saw parents , friends and wider society as having impact on self concept, but also we have a drive to self actualise )
• Which 4 approaches make use of scientific methods ?

  Behaviourist , biological , SLT and cognitive
• What is an eclectic approach ? An approach that combines different theories or methods from various sources To provide a more comprehensive account of human behaviour
• 2 pros of eclectic approach

  1. Provides a fuller More detailed understanding of human behaviour
  2. isnt restricted to one perspective - allows new ideas
• 2 cons of using eclectic approach

  1. Explanation of behaviour may become ‘watered down’ when combing many perspective
  2. are practical difficulties when providing eclectic therapy. It may be too complex for one clinician to mange