Alkanes-

• Alkanes are a homologous series of compounds
• Homologous series have compounds with the same general formula
• Neighbouring compounds in a homologous series differ by CH2 in their molecular formula
• Compounds in a homologous series show a gradual variation in physical properties, such as boiling points
• Compounds in a homologous series have similar chemical properties
• The table shows four alkanes, their molecular formulae, and their structures
• General formula for alkanes: CnH2n+2 (where n is the number of carbon atoms)
• As the number of carbon atoms increases:

  • Intermolecular forces between alkane molecules become stronger
  • More energy is needed to overcome these forces
  • The boiling point increases