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Cytoskeleton
is an
interconnected system
of
fibers
,
threads
, and
lattices extending
between the
nucleus
and the
plasma membrane
Cytoskeleton
gives
internal organization
,
shape
, and
capacity
to
move
Types of cytoskeleton:
Microfilament
:
thinnest
elements, consists of
two polypeptide chains
of
actin subunits
, 25 nm diameter
Microtubules
:
long
,
hollow cylinders
of
tubulin subunits
, 7 nm diameter
Intermediate filaments
:
ropelike cytoskeleton
that gives
mechanical strength
to
cells
and
tissues
, 10 nm diameter
Centriole
:
Barrel-shaped
structure
Always
in
pairs
and
perpendicular
to
each other
Microtubule-producing center
Flagella
&
Cilia
:
Projections
from the
cell
for
locomotion
Arise
from the
centrioles
Made up
of
microtubules
Flagella
are
tail-like
or
whip-like organelles
Cilia
are
hair-like structures
Cell-to-cell Junctions in Animal cells:
TIGHT
JUNCTIONS:
link cells together
ADHERING
JUNCTIONS:
join cells that are subjected to stretching
GAP
JUNCTIONS:
provide channels between cells
Extracellular Matrix
is made up of
cell secretions
and
materials
taken up from the
surroundings