reproductive system and homeostasis

• Estrogen and progesterone levels vary cyclically throughout the menstrual cycle and are regulated by the hypothalamus.
• Male Reproductive System:
• Parts:

  • Testes: Organs that produce sperm cells
  • Scrotum: Sac of skin that holds the testes, regulating their temperature
  • Penis: Organ that deposits sperm into the vagina during mating
  • Vas deferens: Tube that carries sperm from testes to urethra
  • Urethra: Tube that carries sperm and urine out of the body
• Glands:

  • Seminal vesicle: Secretes fluid that makes up most of semen
  • Prostate gland: Secretes slightly alkaline milky fluid as part of semen
  • Bulbourethral gland: Secretes thick and clear mucus for lubrication
• Functions:

  • Production, maintenance, and transportation of sperm and semen
  • Discharge of sperm within the female reproductive tract during sex
  • Production and secretion of male sex hormone (testosterone) for maintaining the male reproductive system
• Female Reproductive System:
• Parts:

  • Ovary: Organ that produces egg cells
  • Oviduct: Passageway of eggs from ovary to uterus
  • Uterus: Site of egg implantation and fetal development
  • Vagina: Receives the penis of male during mating
• Functions:

  • Production of egg cells
  • Reception of sperm cells
  • Nurturing and development of fertilized egg
  • Provision of nourishment for the new individual
• Role of Hormones:
• Male:

  • Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH): Stimulates sperm production
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH): Stimulates testosterone production
• Female:

  • FSH: Helps control menstrual cycle and egg production
  • LH: Triggers ovulation
  • Estrogen and Progesterone: Regulate menstrual cycle and uterine function
• Menstruation:
• Monthly changes in the female reproductive system
• Important events:

  • Hormonal regulation by pituitary gland
  • Follicle maturation and ovulation
  • Thickening of uterine lining
  • Egg release and menstruation if egg is unfertilized
• Homeostasis:
• State of equilibrium in bodily functions

  • Regulated by endocrine and nervous systems
  • Involves maintaining body temperature, water balance, metabolic waste levels, blood calcium levels, and hormone levels
• Male Reproductive System:
• Parts:

  • Testes: Organs that produce sperm cells
  • Scrotum: Sac of skin that holds the testes, regulating their temperature
  • Penis: Organ that deposits sperm into the vagina during mating
  • Vas deferens: Tube that carries sperm from testes to urethra
  • Urethra: Tube that carries sperm and urine out of the body
• Glands:

  • Seminal vesicle: Secretes fluid that makes up most of semen
  • Prostate gland: Secretes slightly alkaline milky fluid as part of semen
  • Bulbourethral gland: Secretes thick and clear mucus for lubrication
• Functions:

  • Production, maintenance, and transportation of sperm and semen
  • Discharge of sperm within the female reproductive tract during sex
  • Production and secretion of male sex hormone (testosterone) for maintaining the male reproductive system
• Female Reproductive System:
• Parts:

  • Ovary: Organ that produces egg cells
  • Oviduct: Passageway of eggs from ovary to uterus
  • Uterus: Site of egg implantation and fetal development
  • Vagina: Receives the penis of male during mating
• Functions:

  • Production of egg cells
  • Reception of sperm cells
  • Nurturing and development of fertilized egg
  • Provision of nourishment for the new individual
• Role of Hormones:
• Male:

  • Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH): Stimulates sperm production
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH): Stimulates testosterone production
• Female:

  • FSH: Helps control menstrual cycle and egg production
  • LH: Triggers ovulation
  • Estrogen and Progesterone: Regulate menstrual cycle and uterine function
• Menstruation:
• Monthly changes in the female reproductive system
• Important events:

  • Hormonal regulation by pituitary gland
  • Follicle maturation and ovulation
  • Thickening of uterine lining
  • Egg release and menstruation if egg is unfertilized
• Homeostasis:
• State of equilibrium in bodily functions

  • Regulated by endocrine and nervous systems
  • Involves maintaining body temperature, water balance, metabolic waste levels, blood calcium levels, and hormone levels
• Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum to maintain the uterine lining if fertilization occurs.
• The ovaries produce estrogen, which stimulates the growth of endometrial tissue during the follicular phase.
• If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates and progesterone production stops, leading to shedding of the uterine lining (menstruation).
• Testosterone is secreted by Leydig's cells in response to LH from the anterior pituitary.
• Testosterone is secreted by Leydig cells in response to LH from the anterior pituitary.
• Sperm cells are produced by spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules within the testes.
• The male reproductive system consists of the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis, scrotum, and accessory ducts.
• The male reproductive organs include the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis, scrotum, and accessory ducts.
• Progesterone prepares the uterine lining for implantation of a fertilized egg.