Climate

• Weather:

  • state/condition of the atmosphere at a particular place and time
  • short term condition
  • changes all the time, from hour to hour 
• Variables to describe weather:

  • air temp: how hot (higher temp) or cold (lower temp) a place is

  NOTE: temp is dependant on solar energy -> absorbed by earth's surface by shortwave radiation -> earth's surface warms up -> heats the air layer above through long wave radiation

  • cloud cover: amount of sky covered by clouds
  • precipitation: - all forms of water that fall to Earth from atmosphere. 

                                  - hail, snow, rain

  • wind speed and direction: how fast wind travels and the direction from where the wind comes from
• Climate:

  • average state/condition of a particular place over a long period of time, typically 25 years or more 
  • climate type doesn't change
  • long term atmospheric condition
• Types of climate:

  • tropical equatorial climate
  • tropical monsoon climate
  • cool temperate climate
• Tropical equatorial climate:

  • high temperatures all year round, about 27 degrees
  • small annual temp range of about 2-3 degrees
  • high annual precipitation of more than 2000mm 
  • ppt falls evenly throughout the year
  • between 10 degrees N and S of the equator

  Eg: Havana, Cuba and SG
• Tropical monsoon climate:

  • high temp all year round of about 25 degrees 
  • small annual temp range of about 3-4 degrees 
  • high annual ppt of about 1500mm
  • distinct wet and dry seasons
  • between 5 and 30 degrees N and S of the equator

  Eg: Chittagong, Bangladesh

         Kochi, India
• Cool temperate climate:

  • 4 distinct seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter
  • large annual temp range of 10-21 degrees
  • annual precipitation is between 300 - 900mm
  • ppt falls evenly throughout the year
  • between 45 degrees N & S and 60 degrees N & S of the equator

  Eg: London, UK

         Paris, France