Challenge and Change in Society

• Social Science/Humanities subjects include: Psychology, Anthropology, Sociology, Political Science, Economics, Criminology, History, and Geography
• Social Science Inquiry Model steps:

  • Step 1: Begin with questions about a topic of interest with potential for investigation
  • Step 2: Take notes on existing knowledge and research previous findings
  • Step 3: Turn questions into a thesis/hypothesis
  • Step 4: Collect data using methods like surveys, questionnaires, interviews, observations, and statistics
  • Step 5: Think critically, analyze, and organize rough notes
  • Step 6: Stop and check if enough data confirms or refutes the thesis
  • Step 7: Present results and draw conclusions
  • Step 8: Edit, reflect, and evaluate the research process and results
• Primary research involves primary and secondary sources, surveys, interviews, observations, and analysis
• Evaluating sources of information:

  • Not all sources are valid, useful, or accurate
  • Consider the reliability of resources and author credibility
  • Only extract crucial information from sources
• Report format guidelines:

  • Start with the essay title centered on page 2
  • Type double-spaced text without breaks between sections
  • Use parenthetical in-text citations
  • Format tables and figures
• APA format for in-text citations:

  • Short quotation: Include author, year, and page number
  • Long quotation: Use for 40+ words, include author, year, and page number
  • Summary or paraphrase: Include author, year, and page number
  • Organisation as author: Include organisation in citation
  • Unknown author: Cite with the publisher
  • Personal communication: Include communicator's name, type of communication, and date
  • Indirect sources: Cite original source as well
  • Electronic sources: Author-date format
  • Two authors: List both authors
  • Multiple authors: List first author and use "et al."
• • Sources without a page: Specify location in the text
• Citing images and media:

  • Image from a website: Include owner/author, publish date or n.d., title of image in italics, type of media, and URL