PRMLSP 2 LAB

• 4 humors of Hippocrates : Blood, Phlegm, black bile, yellow bile
• father of medicine : hippocrates
• Specimen collection

  is very important in diagnosis since it is the first determinant of the success of diagnosis and treatment
• Medical Laboratory Scientists

  are tasked to properly collect specimen from patients
• Blood

  most common specimen collected

  circulates throughout the body

  carry it with evidences

  represents life ; “Living force”
• A phlebotomist is a medical professional who's trained to perform blood draws.
• Publius Ovidius Naso

  43 BC, known as Ovid

  wrote about “Medea rejuvenating Jason’s father with blood”

  blood is “living force” described by Romans and Greeks
• Phlebotomy

  the process of collecting blood from a client for diagnostic purposes

  started in ancient egypt

  used to remove “evil spirtis”
• Phlebos= veins

  Tomy= incision/cutting
• Hippocrates

  460-377 BC

  believed that menstruations is a process for women to get rid of bad temperaments or moods

  Father of Medicine

  4 humors: Blood, Phlegm, Black Bile, Yellow Bile
• Galen of Pergamon

  130-200 AD

  adopted hippocrates’ teachings and began advocating “physician-initiated bloodletting”

  scientific method of bloodletting; considered : age, condition, weather
• Venesection

  is the early form of venipuncture using a lancet

  lancet-type instrument to pierce the vein
• cupping

  method of blood collection uses negative pressure from heated suckers

  allow blood to accumulate in the capillaries from superficial veins via vacuum.

  both causes scarring
• Barber’s pole

  became a symbol of their trade indicating the tourniquet and blood
• Red

  represents blood
• Blue

  represents veins
• white

  represents bandages
• pole

  symbolize the stick that a patient squeezed to make the veins in his arm stand out
• America

  poles are red, blue, and white
• Europe

  poles are red and white
• Pilgrims

  history states that in the 18th century they brought the practice of bloodletting to the United States.

  was done by draining 1.9 liters of blood until patient felt faint
• George Washington

  died of a failed bloodletting after he was drained of about 4 liters of blood to cure his sore throat.

  marked the end of bloodletting “cure for all”

  bloodletting was considered a form of quackery.
• Biotherapy

  uses animals to treat diseases
• Leeches

  were used in xenotherapy

  France imported 40 millions of leeches every year for medical purposes (1830s)

  England began importing millions of leeches from France (1840s)
• Microscope

  is the turning point of medical practice

  created in middle of 19th century

  introduced the concept of infection

  anton van leeuwenhoek
• Clinical duties

  checking the disposition of the client

  Assess patients prior to specimen collection procedures

  Assess the degree of discomfort, pain, or bleeding

  Assess the patient after the specimen collection procedure
• Clerical duties

  Identify patients correctly

  charging the lab fee

  assigning a password in the databank

  Answer all queries appropriately

  Answer the telephone

  Respect privacy and confidentiality

  Print/distribute laboratory requisitions and/or reports

  Demonstrate courtesy in all patient encounters
• Technical duties

  insert the needle at an angle of 45 degrees

  withdrawing the needle

  Prepare patients accordingly

  Perform specimen collection procedures

  Assist in laboratory testing procedures as needed

  Perform quality control functions

  Manipulate small objects, tubes, needles

  Prepare/process the specimen for testing/analysis

  Select and use appropriate equipment

  Transport specimens correctly

  Collect blood specimens into the correct containers/tubes
• Respectful

  confidentiality

  coworkers

  courteous behavior

  acceptance of differences

  rights of clients
• Patience

  volume of work

  language barrier

  diversity of clients and patients (age, beliefs, gender)

  factors that affect extraction
• Selflessness

  service

  commitment to one’s job

  team player
• Compassionate

  able to calm down patients

  gentle touch

  sincerity

  emotional stability
• Excellent communicator

  listening skills

  ability to give good directions

  friendly

  people skills
• Sense of responsibility and accountability

  proper procedures

  professional growth

  follow organizational policies

  maintain clean work space

  report errors

  respectfully disagree
• stamina/endurance

  able to stand for long periods

  volume of work
• communication

  exchange of facts, opinions, idea, between two or more persons that has a common interest

  Communis = inform (latin word)

  requires full understanding of behaviors associated with the sender and receiver
• hand-eye coordination

  for precise puncture of the vein

  lack of coordination can cause serious pain and injury to the patient
• non-maleficence

  states that a medical practitioner has a duty to do no harm or allow harm to be caused to a patient through neglect
• Beneficence

  an act of charity, mercy, and kindness
• chemical hazard

  any substances that can potentially cause physical and health hazards to people or result in harm to the environment due to chemical properties.