Geography

• Cities are defined land areas inside a country
• Cities typically have a larger population size per given land area
• Cities have high population density
• Cities have a range of functions including administrative, education, and commercial activities
• Cities have extensive infrastructure for basic services like water, electricity, sanitation, transport, and telecommunication
• Relationship between cities and rural areas:
• Rural-urban migration is the movement of migrants from rural areas to urban areas or cities
• Migrants are people who come from another part of a country to settle down in a different location
• Push factors are reasons that make migrants want to leave their place of origin, while pull factors attract migrants to a destination
• Cities rely on rural areas for food since they have limited space for farming
• Rural farmers sell food to cities, exchanging it for money
• Rural inhabitants benefit from amenities only available in cities, such as hospitals and malls
• Cities affect their inhabitants and the environment:
• As cities grow, inhabitants benefit from more opportunities but also face increased pollution and resource depletion
• Education in cities provides skills and knowledge for employment and a better quality of life
• Businesses thrive in cities due to developed infrastructure and technological innovation
• Challenges faced by people living in cities include increased environmental pollution, competition for natural resources, and providing safe housing
• How cities can be sustainably built and managed:
• Cities need to manage the physical environment to reduce waste and pollutants that harm the environment
• Strategies like regulating natural resource use and minimizing negative human impact are necessary for sustainability
• Reducing water pollution through water treatment ponds and setting up drains around farm plots can improve water quality
• Reducing air pollution through laws and regulations can lower air pollution levels and lessen traffic congestion
• Managing hazards is crucial to prevent disasters that have adverse effects on cities
• Improving quality of life involves providing safe housing and a variety of transport modes for efficient travel
• Considering the needs of different groups, such as the elderly, in city design can enhance the quality of life for all residents