lab 1

• Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in the blood.
• A normal hematocrit is 46% (40-54) for men and 42% (37-47) for women.
• Hematocrit is determined by using a centrifuge.
• Hematocrit is calculated by the length of rbc column (mm)/length of total column (mm) times 100.
• Hemoglobin functions to transport O2 and CO2.
• Hemoglobin is determined by placing blood on Tallquist paper and observing the color change.
• A normal hemoglobin is 14-18g/100 ml for men and 12-16g/100 ml for women.
• A normal RBC count for males is 4.5-6.3 million/mm^3 and for females is 4.2-5.5 million/mm^3.
• A normal WBC count is 5000-10000 cells/mm^3.
• The granular leukocytes are neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
• The agranular leukocytes are monocytes and lymphocytes.
• Neutrophils have 3-7 lobes connected by thin strands/stains purple.
• Neutrophils are first responders.
• Neutrophils makeup 50-70% of WBCs.
• Eosinophils have a bilobed nucleus and stains bluish-purple.
• Eosinophils function to destroy parasites and bacteria.
• Eosinophils make up 2-4% of WBCs.
• Basophils have a u-shaped nucleus and stains dark blue.
• Basophils function to release histamine.
• Basophils make up less than 1% of WBCs.
• Monocytes have a kidney bean shaped nucleus.
• Monocytes function to produce macrophages.
• Monocytes make up 2-8% of WBCs.
• Lymphocytes have a spherical nucleus.
• Lymphocytes function to defend against specific pathogens; B + T cells.
• Lymphocytes make up 20-40% of WBCs.
• An increase in basophils can cause inflammation, allergic reactions, and leukemia.
• An increase in eosinophils can cause asthma, allergies, + parasitic infections.
• An increase in lymphocytes can cause viral infections and bacterial infections.
• An increase in monocytes can cause chronic infections, heart infection, and collagen vascular diseases.
• An increase in neutrophils can cause bacterial infections, inflammation, and tissue death.
• Type A blood has A antigens and anti-B antibodies.
• Type B blood has B antigens and anti-A antibodies.
• Type AB blood has A and B antigens and no antibodies.
• Type O blood has no antigens and anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
• Agglutination is clumping when antibody and antigen match.
• The universal donor is type O because it has no antigens.
• The universal recipient is type AB because it has no antibodies.