Types of globalization

• Globalization is a transplanetary process involving increasing liquidity and multidirectional flows of people, objects, places, and information
• Globalization makes us see ourselves as part of the 'global age'
• It is the process of world shrinkage, of distances getting shorter and things moving closer
• Metaphors of Globalization:

  • Metaphors are used to compare two different things but have something in common
  • Solidity refers to barriers that prevent or make difficult the movements of things, can be natural or man-made
  • Liquidity refers to the increasing ease of movement of people, things, information, and places in the contemporary world
• Characteristics of liquidity (Zygmunt Bauman):

  • Liquid phenomena change quickly and their aspects are in continuous fluctuation
  • Movement of liquid phenomena is difficult to stop
  • Liquidity best describes globalization
• Flows refer to the movement of people, things, places, and information brought by the growing 'porosity' of global limitations
• Globalization Theories:

  • Homogeneity refers to the increasing sameness in the world as cultural inputs, economic factors, and political orientations of societies expand
  • Homogeneity in culture often links to cultural imperialism
  • Heterogeneity pertains to the creation of various cultural practices, new economies, and political groups because of the interaction of elements from different societies in the world
  • McWorld vs. Jihad:
  • McWorld involves the global spread of rational systems like efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control
• • Jihad involves fierce tribalism and the evolution of nationalism from a force of unification to a force of differentiation
• Dynamics of Local and Global Culture:

  • Cultural Differentialism emphasizes that cultures are essentially different and are only affected by global flows
  • Cultural Hybridization emphasizes the integration of local and global culture
  • Cultural Converge stresses homogeneity introduced by globalization
• Economic Globalization


  The increase in trade and capital transfers across national boundaries.
• Cultural Globalization


  The spread of common language and customs throughout the world.
• Political Globalization


  Forming trans-national governing bodies; The United Nations as the largest example.
• Environmental Globalization


  Increasing human effects and activity on the environment
• Military Globalization


  The transnational increase in military arms sales and international conflict.
• Example of Cultural Globalization

  
• Example of Political Globalization

  
• Example of Economic Globalization

  
• Example of Environmental Globalization

  
• Financial Globalization


  a concept made by a group of countries worldwide that refers to increasing global connections created by financial flow.

  
• Economic Globalization


  the widespread of the dependence of two or more countries together.

  
• Technological Globalization


  technological diffusion shared between borders

  
• Political Globalization


  refers to the amount of political co-operation that exists between different countries

  
• Cultural Globalization


  the worldwide spread of similar norms, values, and practices across borders

  
• Sociological Globalization


  the understanding of human behavior including society behaviors, society patterns of relationships, and culture

  
• Ecological Globalization


  the effect that globalization has on the environment and ecological issues

  
• Financial Globalization


  The worldwide development of economic, financial, trade and communication integration. This pushes business executives to consider broad views in the global marketplace as countries and their economies become interconnected and interdependent.
• Economic Globalization


  the development of increased interconnections and interdependence of many different economic systems marked by free trade and the free flow of capital, labor, and resources
• cultural globalization


  worldwide spread of similar norms, values, and practices
• technological globalization


  rapid spread of communications and computer technologies, as well as equipment and machinery.
• Political Globalization


  the process by which political decisions and actions are becoming increasingly international
• Ecological Globalization


  include population growth, access to food, worldwide reduction in biodiversity, the gap between rich and poor as well as between the global North and global South, human-induced climate change, and global environmental degradation.
• Sociological Globalization


  information moves almost in real-time, together with the interconnection and interdependence of events and their consequences. People move all the time too, mixing and integrating different societies
• Geographical Globalization


  Geographers moved from looking at relationships among countries to a borderless world dominated by ecological concerns and relationships that exist among the world regions