Key Terms

• What is Urbanization

  The proportion of people living in cities compared to rural areas, which can be increased due to natural increase and rural to urban migration.
• What is Natural Increase

  When the birth rate is higher than the death rate
• What is Rural to Urban Migration

  The movement of people from the countryside to the cities.
• What is Urban Growth

  An increase in the area covered by cities
• What is a Megacity


  A city with a population of over 10 million people.
• What is the Formal Sector of employment

  Jobs from which you get taxed
• What is the Informal sector of employment

  Jobs from which you don't get taxed as they are random and inconsistent, e.g. babysitting or drug selling
• What is a Push Factor and a Pull Factor

  Push: Makes you want to leave an area

  Pull: Attracts you to move to an area
• What is FDI

  Foreign Direct Interest
• What is CBD

  Central Business District (where money is invested)
• What is Gentrification

  Improving an area so much current residents can't afford to live there
• What is Social Deprivation

  The extent to which an individual or area lacks services and adequate housing, income, or employment.
• What is Social Inequality

  Differences in the spread of economic assets (e.g. houses) and income as well as between the overall quality and luxury of each persons life withi a society. Social Inequality exists because the lack of wealth in certain areas stops these people from getting the same quality of housing, education, and healthcare when compared to the wealthy.
• What is Regeneration

  Improving the built environment and economy in the areas.
• What is Urban Sustainability

  One in which there is minimal damage to the environment, the economic based is sound with resources allocated fairly and jobs secure, and there is a strong sense of community, with local people involved in decisions made.
• Urban Change


  Any change within the urban environment associated with growth or decline of an urban area.