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geography paper 1
the living world
ecosystems
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Created by
hollie maklowicz
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Cards (32)
What is meant by an ecosystem?
A complex natural system of
living
and
non-living
things
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What are the characteristics of a small-scale ecosystem?
They include complex
interrelationships
among organisms
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What are the biotic features of an ecosystem?
Plants
, animals, and
fish
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What are the abiotic features of an ecosystem?
Climate
,
soil
, and
light
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What do producers do in an ecosystem?
Convert energy from the sun into
carbohydrates
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How do consumers obtain energy?
By eating other
living organisms
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What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?
They
break down dead plant
and
animal materials
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What is nutrient cycling?
The process of
nutrients
being reused by plants
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What type of habitat do freshwater ponds provide?
A variety of
habitats
for plants, insects, and animals
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What is found at the pond surface?
Plenty of
oxygen
,
light
, and shelter for plants
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What do animals in the mid-water of a pond use to breathe?
Gills
or skin
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Who are the main predators in the mid-water of a pond?
Fish
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What is found at the pond bottom?
Little
oxygen
or
light
, plenty of shelter
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What are the impacts of small natural changes on ecosystems?
They can have
harmful
effects but ecosystems can recover
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What can large-scale natural changes cause?
Lasting damage to
ecosystems
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How can human activities impact ecosystems?
They can cause
harm
or help protect ecosystems
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What happened to the ancient Breckland ponds?
Limited
diversity
due to
excessive
willow growth
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What has been done to improve the Breckland ponds?
Removal of
willow
and
reed
to encourage diversity
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What are biomes?
Large-scale
global
ecosystems
defined by vegetation
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How are biomes distributed across the world?
In broad belts parallel to lines of
latitude
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What factors determine the characteristics of biomes?
Climate
,
soils
, water, and
sunlight
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What is the climate like in tropical rainforests?
High
temperatures
and heavy
rainfall
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What type of trees are found in temperate forests?
Deciduous
trees that lose leaves in
winter
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What is the climate in boreal forests?
Cold, wet climate with high
rainfall
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What type of vegetation dominates the tundra?
Lichens
and
mosses
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What is the temperature in polar areas?
Below
-50°C
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What adaptations do animals in polar areas have?
Adaptations to survive
harsh conditions
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What is the climate like in hot deserts?
Hot,
sunny
with very little
rainfall
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What type of vegetation is found in tropical grasslands?
Grass
adapted to hot, dry climates
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What is the climate in temperate grasslands?
Hot
summers
and cold
winters
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Why do biomes form broad latitudinal belts?
Due to global
atmospheric circulation patterns
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What can cause minor variations within biomes?
Local
climate
and
soil conditions
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