6.4.1 alkanes

• Alkanes:

  • examples of hydrocarbons
  • are in the same homologous series, which means they have the same functional group and general formula
• Alkane general formula: CnH2n+2
• Alkanes - suffix: -ane
• Hydrocarbons that only have single bonds with other atoms are called saturated hydrocarbons
• All alkanes end in -ane
• Complete combustion of alkanes: in a plentiful supply of oxygen, complete combustion occurs. When an alkane burns completely, carbon dioxide and water are produced.

  e.g.

  • C7H16 + 11O2 -> 7CO2 + 8H2O
• Incomplete combustion of alkanes: in a limited supply of oxygen, incomplete combustion occurs. When an alkane burns incompletely, carbon monoxide (toxic gas) and water are produced.

  e.g.

  • C7H16 + 7.5O2 -> 7CO + 8H2O