Introduction of Histology

• HISTOLOGY The science deals with study of normal tissues
• Histopathology - the science that studies diseased tissue
• HISTOLOGY As prelude to pathology
• Pathology: study of abnormal tissues

  Abnormal tissues- tissues with altered structure and function of body, organs, tissues and cells
• Tissues Are group of cells that have similar structure and intercellular materials interrelated to perform a specific function Came from Od French word “tussu” which means “weave fabric strands”
• Cytology  The study of cells
• Cells  The basic unit of life that composed all the living things
• Mitosis is the division of a cell into two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell
• Meiosis is the division od germ cells. It results in four daughter cell which are not identical to the parent cell- only one copy of each paternal and maternal chromosomes can be found I the daughter cells
• Anton Von Leeuwenhoek Using his handheld microscope, was the first person to observe and describe living cells
• Robert Hooke  An English microscopist and physicist observed a slice of cork under a microscope. He discovered many small compartments-like honey comb structures which he described as cells. His discovery served as the foundation of the cell theory.  Latin term cellule
• Marcelo Malphigi (Italian anatomist)  1st describe true units forming animal tissues using simple lenses  True Father of Histology
• Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1673-1716)  develop compound lenses  1st describe nucleus  while examining rbc of salmon  also discovered protozoa, bacteria, muscles, nerves,etc
• Robert Brown

  Introduce nucleus (17th century)  Observed in epidermal cells of orchids  Noticed small dense centers in plant cells but function is yet unknown
• Marie Francois Bichat (1802) French pathologist  Termed tissues as textures  Tissues: different group of cells
• Matthias Schleiden  Proposed cell theory for Plants
• Theodor Schwann (1838-39) Described animals are made of cells
• Matthias schleiden

  Discovered cells that form sheath surrounding nerve
• Friedrich Gustav Jacob Henle (1841) Published 1st human histology
• Max Schultze (1861)- after almost 200 yrs 1st describe cells as mass of nucleated protoplasm
• Rudolf Virchow (1863) Fundamental Law of Biology or Law of Virchow Described human body as “cell state” All diseases involved changes in normal cells