Topic 1 (energy)

Created by

Faith Gardiner

Cards (37)

What is the calculation for kinetic energy?
0.5 x mass x velocity2
what is hydroelectric power?
Electricity generated by the force of moving water.
what are the pros of hydroelectric power
reliable
no pollution once built
can be saved for when energy is in high demand
what are the cons of hydroelectic power?
very expensive to build
long payback time
have to flood large areas to work
habitats get destroyed
what is the calculation for elastic potential energy?
0.5 x spring constant x extension2
what is the calculation for gravitational potential energy?
mass x height x gravitational field strength
what is the calculation for work done?
work done = force x distance
what is biofuel?
a fuel taken from living or recently living organisms. it can be used instead of fossil fuels in modified power stations.
what is the calculation for payback time?
payback time = cost/savings per year
what are the consequences of global warming?
the greenhouse effect
rising sea levels
melting ice caps
pros of geothermal energy?renewable
reliable
efficient
cons of geothermal energy?
can cause pollution
expensive
what is the greenhouse effect?
The greenhouse effect is the process by which certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap heat and warm the planet. as fossil fuels and CO2 add to the layer of gases, it worsens the effect
what is tidal energy and what are its pros and cons?
Tidal energy is the energy generated from the movement of tides. Pros: renewable, predictable, and no greenhouse gas emissions. Cons: high initial costs, limited availability, and potential environmental impacts.
what is wave power and what are its pros and cons?
Wave power is the capture of energy from ocean waves to generate electricity.
Pros: Renewable, abundant, reduces greenhouse gas emissions.
Cons: High installation and maintenance costs, impact on marine life, variability of wave energy.
how do fossil fuels affect the environment?
pollution
acidic rain
greenhouse effect
waste product disposal
positives and negatives of nuclear energy?
Positives: Clean energy, low greenhouse gas emissions, high energy density. Negatives: Radioactive waste, potential for accidents, proliferation of nuclear weapons.
what is start up time?
the time taken for a power station to run at full capacity from the time it is told to start
what are the eight energy stores?
Chemical, Thermal, Nuclear, Gravitational, Elastic, Electrostatic, Magnetic, Kinetic
positives and negatives of fossil fuels?
Positives: Energy-dense, widely available, and reliable. Negatives: Greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and finite resource.
describe how a fossil fuel power station works?
coal is burnt to heat water
water turns to steam which turns a turbine
the turbine turns a generator
power runs through a step up transformer
it travels through the national grid
flows through the step down transformer
goes into houses
what is the calculation for specific heat capacity?
energy transferred = mass x temp change x SHC
what is nuclear fission? 
Splitting of an atomic nucleus into two smaller nuclei.
what is elastic potential energy?
Energy stored in a stretched or compressed object.
what is a conductor?
A conductor is a material or object that allows the flow of electrical current.
what is kinetic energy?
the energy a moving object has because it is moving
describe how a nuclear power ration works?
heavy water is heated, causing nuclear fission to happen
this heats normal water and turns it to steam
the rest is the Same as fossil fuel
how do power stations reduce their effect on the environment?
scrubbers and gas desulphurisation plants that remove sulphur dioxide
catylitic converters turn nitrogen oxide into nitrogen
using alternatives to fossil fuels
driving less cars
carbon capture
what is the law of conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed from one form to another.
what are the four energy pathways?
electrically, mechanically, by heating, by radiation
describe infrared radiation?
it is made of light not particles
it is thermal energy transferred by light waves
it is emmited by hot objects and can travel through a vacuum
what is specific heat capacity?
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg substance by one degree Celsius.
what is energy?
the capacity to do work. it is measured in joules or kilojoules
what is the practical for investigating specific heat capacity?
put a few drops of water into the metal block
put in the heater and thermometer
take start temp
wait five minutes an take an end temp
work out the temp change and the SHC
what are the pros and cons of solar energy?
Pros: Renewable, clean, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, low operating costs. Cons: Intermittent, requires large land area, initial high installation costs, dependent on weather conditions.
How to calculate kinetic energy? 
0.5 x mass x velocity2
What is the formula for gravitational potential energy? 
Mass x height x gravitational field strength