Cell Organisation
Cards (10)
- Cells are the basic building blocks that make up all living organisms. Specialised cells carry out a particular function.
- The process by which cells become specialised for a particular job is called differentiation. Differentiation occurs during the development of a multicellular organism.
- Specialised cells form tissues, which form organs, which form organ systems. Large multicellular organisms have different systems inside them for exchanging and transporting materials.
- A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function. It can include more than one type of cell.
- In mammals (like humans), there are three types of tissue that include:
- In mammals (like humans), some examples of types of tissues would include:
- Muscular tissue, which contracts (shortens) to move whatever its attached to.
- Glandular tissue, which makes and secretes chemicals like enzymes and hormones.
- Epithelial tissue, which covers some parts of the body, e.g. the inside of the gut.
- An organ is a group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function. For example, the stomach is an organ made of these tissues:
- Muscular tissue, which moves the stomach wall to churn up the food,
- Glandular tissue, which makes digestive juices to digest food.
- Epithelial tissue, which covers the outside and inside of the stomach.
- An organ system is a group of organs working together to perform a particular function.
- An example of an organ system would be the digestive system (found in humans and other mammals). It breaks down and absorbs food. It is made up of these organs:
- Glands (e.g. the pancreas and salivary glands) which produce digestive juices.
- The stomach and small intestine, which digest food.
- The liver, which produces bile.
- The small intestine, which absorbs soluble food molecules.
- The large intestine, which absorbs water from undigested food, leaving faeces.
- Organ systems work together to make entire organisms.