MIS: Environmental IGOs

• What does IGO stand for?

  Intergovernmental Organization
• What is the focus of environmental interventions?

  Managing atmospheric conditions and resources
• What is the purpose of Montreal Protocol?

  To protect the ozone layer
• What does the Montreal Protocol aim to phase out?

  Substances that damage the ozone layer
• When was the Montreal Protocol signed?

  1987
• When did the Montreal Protocol enter into force?

  1989
• What do regular amendments to the Montreal Protocol include?

  Kigali Amendment targeting HFCs
• What support does the Montreal Protocol provide?

  Technical and financial support through funds
• How successful have ODS reductions been globally?

  Highly successful with significant reductions
• What is expected of the ozone layer recovery?

  To return to 1980 levels by 2066
• What is the significance of the first clear problem identified?

  It led to the first clear action
• What challenges do nations face regarding environmental agreements?

  Struggling to meet and monitor commitments
• What is the goal of managing atmospheric climate change?

  To limit global warming below 2 degrees Celsius
• What do countries submit every five years?

  Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
• What is the financial commitment to developing countries?

  $100 billion annually
• What is the focus of climate finance?

  Mitigation, adaptation, and climate finance
• What is the significance of mixed success in global participation?

  It shows strong global participation
• What is the projected temperature increase by 2066?

  2.5 to 2.8 degrees Celsius
• What are key challenges in binding commitments?

  Lack of binding participation and reliance on voluntary commitments
• What does managing biosphere entail?

  Ensuring international trade in wildlife
• What is the role of CITES?

  To ensure international trade in wildlife
• What is the impact of regulations on trade?

  They do not threaten survival of species
• What are the lists of species based on?

  Level of protection required
• What do regular conferences of the parties (CoP) do?

  Update listings and regulations
• What is banned in trade?

  Threatened species and their products
• How many countries adopted the agreement?

  181 countries
• What is the effect of effective regulations?

  They have saved some species
• How do regulations impact species survival?

  They help protect threatened species
• What are appendices based on?

  Level of protection required
• What do regular conferences of the parties (CoP) do?

  They update listings and regulations
• What is banned in trade concerning threatened species?

  Products from endangered species
• How many countries have adopted the regulations?

  181 countries
• What has been the effect of the regulations on species?

  Some species have been saved
• Which two species are included in successful stories?

  Hawaiian Nene and Arabian Oryx
• How many species are protected under the regulations?

  Over 38,000 species
• What has been reduced due to successful regulations?

  Illegal trade of ivory and rhino horn
• What is still a large issue despite regulations?

  Illegal trafficking of wildlife
• How does enforcement vary?

  By country and wealth
• Which countries have increased illegal trade?

  China, Indonesia, and South Korea
• What has been a challenge in some countries?

  Enforcement of regulations