changes in uk economy

• How has the economy of the UK changed over time?

  It has shifted from manufacturing to services.
• What is an anomaly in economic terms?

  A deviation from the expected pattern.
• What has replaced many jobs in the UK economy?

  Machines and technology.
• Why can other countries produce cheaper goods than the UK?

  Because labor is less expensive there.
• What did the UK government create between 1945-1979?

  State-run industries like British Rail.
• What was the role of government money in unprofitable industries?

  It propped up those industries.
• What are the key points of the UK's changing employment structure from 1979-2010?

  • Globalisation increased the quaternary sector.
  • Decline in UK manufacturing due to cheaper imports.
  • State-run industries were privatised.
  • New private companies brought innovation.
• What is globalisation?

  The growth and spread of ideas worldwide.
• What sector do many people work in due to globalisation?

  The quaternary sector, e.g., IT.
• What is de-industrialisation?

  The decline of manufacturing industries.
• What does 'rebalancing' the economy involve?

  Stabilising the secondary sector and promoting the north.
• What improvements are included in the rebalancing policies?

  Improvements to transport and manufacturing investment.
• What characterizes a post-industrial economy?

  Decline in manufacturing, rise in services.
• How many people were employed in IT in 2014?

  1.3 million people.
• What percentage of the UK's economic output did the service sector contribute in 2015?

  79 percent.
• What is the UK's position in the world for financial services?

  It is the world's leading centre.
• What percentage of the UK's economic output did the Financial Services sector account for in 2015?

  Almost 10 percent.
• How many highly qualified people does the UK research sector employ?

  Over 300,000 people.
• What percentage of the UK's GDP does the research sector contribute?

  7.7 percent.
• What is a science park?

  A site for scientific and technical businesses.
• What is the University of Southampton Science Park known for?

  High-tech businesses and meeting facilities.
• Why are business parks located on the edges of towns?

  Land is cheaper and access is better.
• What is the UK's largest business park?

  Cobalt Business Park.
• What support do businesses in Cobalt Park qualify for?

  Governmental assistance.
• What are the negative impacts of manufacturing plants on the environment?

  Pollution of water, soil, and air.
• How can industrial development be made more sustainable?

  By protecting ecosystems and reducing emissions.
• What does Torf Quarry aim to create through restoration?

  Wildlife lakes and rich landscapes.
• What negative effects does quarrying have on the environment?

  Destroys habitats and pollutes air and water.
• What are the social effects of population growth in South Cambridgeshire?

  Increased traffic and pressure on services.
• What economic effects are caused by population growth in South Cambridgeshire?

  Lack of affordable housing and reduced employment.
• What has caused the population decline in the Outer Hebrides?

  Economic changes leading to youth migration.
• What are the social effects of population decline in the Outer Hebrides?

  School closures and an ageing population.
• What are the economic effects of population decline in the Outer Hebrides?

  Closing services and limited farm work.
• What improvements are planned for the UK's transport infrastructure?

  New road schemes to boost economies.
• What is the purpose of the A303 'super highway' project?

  To connect the south west and London.
• What are the key benefits of science and business parks?

  • Links with universities for research.
  • Attractive locations for businesses.
  • Support services available.
  • Collaboration opportunities among businesses.
• What are the environmental impacts of industry and how can they be mitigated?

  • Negative impacts: pollution of air, water, soil.
  • Mitigation strategies: protect ecosystems, reduce emissions, impose fines.
• What are the social and economic changes in South Cambridgeshire and the Outer Hebrides?

  South Cambridgeshire:

  • Social: Increased traffic, pressure on services.
  • Economic: Lack of affordable housing, reduced employment.

  
  

  Outer Hebrides:

  • Social: School closures, ageing population.
  • Economic: Closing services, limited farm work.
• What should you draw to compare social and economic changes in South Cambridgeshire and the Outer Hebrides?

  A table
• What is the focus of Chapter 18 in the study material?

  The changing UK economy