RT 211 | LECTURE 1

• Anatomy is the study of the structure and form of an organism
• Human anatomy deals with the structure and form of the various parts of the human body
• Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy:

  • Study of any part of the body as seen with the naked eye
• Histology or Microscopic Anatomy:

  • Study of the structure of minute parts such as cells or tissues that are not visible as separate entities to the naked eye
• Embryology or Developmental Anatomy:

  • Study of the structural changes that take place in the fertilized ovum up to the time of birth
• Surface or Regional or Topographical Anatomy:

  • Study of what part of the surface of the body corresponds to the various organs and structures within the body
• Comparative Anatomy:

  • Study of the similarities and differences in structure of the various body parts among different species of living things
• Physiology is the study of the function or behavior of the organs or other structures of the body
• Pathology is the study of diseases, its causes and its effect upon the body
• The Nomina Anatomica:

  • A list of the names of parts of the body compiled by the International anatomical Nomenclature Committee
• Eponyms, dipthongs, and hyphens have been replaced by descriptive names in anatomical structures
• The Origin of Anatomical Names:

  • From Greek and Latin origins such as kephale, kondylos, carpus, scapula, femur, clavicula, sceaft, heorte, hype, and lungen
• Plural Forms and Adjectives:

  • Words ending in "a" change to "ae"
  • Some names ending in "us" change to "i"
  • Terms ending in "um" change to "a"
  • Some terms have different plural forms
  • Adjectives are frequently Anglicized forms of the Latin names
• General Anatomical Terms:

  • The Anatomical Position
  • The Median Line of the Body
• Parts of Organs and other Structures:

  • Head, Neck, Body, Shaft, Tail, Lobe, Lobule, Segment, Extremity, Apex, Base
• Openings Into or Within Organs:

  • Aperture, Foramen, Hiatus, Orifice, Os, Ostium, Lumen, Porus
• Depressions of Anatomical Structures:

  • Fissure, Fossa, Hilus, Sulcus, Sinus
• Additional Descriptive Terms:

  • Incisura, Meatus, Ramus, Septum
• Terms Relating to Position and Location:

  • Medial or Mesal, Lateral, Anterior/Ventral, Posterior/Dorsal, Dorsal, Volar/Plantar/Palmar, Superior, Inferior, Cephalic, Caudal, Cephalad, Caudad, Proximal, Distal, Supine, Prone, Vertical, Horizontal, Central, Peripheral, Superficial, Deep, Major, Minor, Internal, External, Intrinsic, Extrinsic, Visceral, Parietal
• Plane:

  • Longitudinal Plane, Transverse Plane, Vertical Plane, Horizontal Plane, Midsagittal or Median Plane, Sagittal Plane, Coronal Plane, Subcostal Plane, Transpyloric Plane
• Section:

  • Longitudinal Section, Transverse Section, Median Section or Midsagittal Section, Sagittal Section, Frontal Section, Coronal Section, Subcostal Section, Transpyloric Section
• Prefixes with Opposite Meanings:

  • ante-post, endo-ecto, hypo-hyper, in-ex, intra-extra, macro-micro, super-sub, supra-infra
• Suffixes:

  • algia, cele, centesis, ectomy, otomy, ostomy, graph, gram, graphy, iasis, osis, less, itis, oma, lith, pathy, ptosis, oid or oides, form, logia, logy, ulus, olus, culus, uria
• What organization listed the names of the different anatomical parts of the body

  International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee