energy management

• What can create areas of surplus and deficit in energy supply?

  Energy supply and consumption
• How does energy consumption vary globally?

  It varies by region and economic development
• Why is energy consumption increasing globally?

  Due to economic development, population growth, and technology
• Where is energy consumption highest?

  North America and parts of the Middle East
• Where is energy consumption lowest?

  Most of Africa and parts of Southeast Asia
• What type of reserves does North America have?

  Large coal reserves
• What reserves does Russia have?

  Large reserves of natural gas and oil
• How does Sub-Saharan Africa manage its energy resources?

  It depends on overseas TNCs to exploit reserves
• What is the expected trend for global energy consumption by 2050?

  It is expected to increase significantly
• What percentage of energy demand growth will NEEs account for by 2035?

  More than 90 percent
• What role does technology play in energy consumption?

  It increases demand for electricity and energy services
• What are the physical factors affecting energy supply?

  • Geology determines fossil fuel locations
  • Geothermal energy is produced in tectonically active areas
• What technological advances have affected energy supply?

  • Exploitation of energy sources in remote areas
  • Development of fracking and renewable energy technologies
• What is the average cost of an oil rig at sea?

  About US$650 million
• What is the expected cost of the Hinkley Point C nuclear power station?

  Up to £23 billion
• How does political instability affect energy supply?

  It leads countries to seek alternative energy sources
• What are the economic costs of energy insecurity?

  Imports of oil and gas can be very expensive
• What are the environmental costs of energy exploitation?

  Catastrophic consequences from oil spills
• How does energy insecurity impact food production?

  Increased food prices due to biofuels
• What impact does energy insecurity have on industry?

  Shortfalls in electricity production can occur
• What historical conflicts were influenced by energy insecurity?

  Iran–Iraq War and Gulf War
• What are the strategies to increase energy supply?

  • Increase renewable energy sources
  • Exploit non-renewable fossil fuels
  • Develop nuclear power
• What percentage of renewable energy contribution did HEP account for in 2018?

  33 percent
• What are the limitations of biomass as a renewable energy source?

  Controversial use of land for biofuels
• What are the challenges of tidal energy?

  High costs and environmental concerns
• What are the challenges of solar energy production?

  Seasonal availability and space requirements
• What are the economic and environmental costs of fossil fuels?

  Exploitation becomes too costly or unsustainable
• What is a significant concern regarding nuclear power?

  Radioactive waste remains dangerous for over 100 years
• What are the methods for energy conservation?

  • Use low-energy appliances
  • Change behavior (e.g., switch off lights)
  • Encourage public transport or electric vehicles
• How can technology increase the efficiency of fossil fuels?

  By designing more fuel-efficient vehicles
• What impact do electric cars have on oil consumption in the USA?

  They could reduce oil use by up to 95 percent
• How has Brazil reduced petrol consumption?

  By using sugar cane ethanol for fuel
• What are the key points of sustainable energy use?

  • Balance supply and demand
  • Reduce energy use and carbon footprint
  • Encourage sustainable practices
• What is the main goal of sustainable energy supply?

  Balancing supply and demand
• How can individuals contribute to energy conservation?

  By changing behavior and using technology
• What is the role of public awareness in reducing energy demand?

  It encourages energy-saving practices
• What is the impact of financial incentives on energy-saving devices?

  They encourage the use of energy-saving devices
• What is the significance of sustainable designs in energy conservation?

  They help reduce energy use and carbon footprint
• How can technology improve energy efficiency in transportation?

  By developing more fuel-efficient vehicles
• What is the impact of improved engines on fossil fuel efficiency?

  They enhance fuel efficiency significantly