part 2

• excommunication - being kicked out of the catholic church by the pope
• puritan - the extreme protestants who wanted to get rid of the elements of Catholicism in English churches
• progresses - during the summers, the queen would travel with her court, visiting homes of the nobility. A 'public relations' exercise
• patronage - giving away lands and titles to competitive men in return for their loyalty and support
• Act of supremacy 1955 - this made Elizabeth supreme governor of the Church of England, as opposed to supreme head, which her father had been
• jesuits - a religious group committed to serving the pope. They planned to send missionaries to England to convert people back to Catholicism
• gravelines - a key battle on the 8th August 1588 won by the English against the Spanish armada
• Privateer - pirates licensed by Elizabeth to attack Spanish ships carrying gold
• Elizabeth was the longest reigning Tudor monarch, ruling for 45 years. This provided long term stability as a monarch
• Monarchs of importance:

  Henry the 8th - 38 years

  Edward the 6th - 6 years

  Mary 1st - 5 years

  Elizabeth the 1st - 45 years
• Tudor monarch family tree

  A) Henry VIII

  B) Catherine of Aragon

  C) Anne Boleyn

  D) Jane seymore

  E) Mary 1st

  F) Elizabeth 1st

  G) Edward VI

  
• Elizabeth had key advisors called:

  William Cecil

  Francis Walshingham
• Elizabeths positive legacy was established by Englands decisive victory over powerful Spanish armada in 1588
• Elizabethan accomplishments - art:

  • portraits became very popular and often included symbolism
  • Elizabeth was painted with her hand on top of a globe to show her power over the world
  • other key pieces of arts were decorated silverware and textile patterns
• Elizabethan accomplishments - exploration:

  • Europeans discovered 'new lands' - the Americas
  • England began to become a major power in exploration
• Elizabethan accomplishments - theater:

  • theater became hugely popular
  • many theaters were built and plays were written that are still being used and shown today
• Elizabethan accomplishments - buildings:

  • built many of todays stately homes
  • big houses were built to impress the Queen and other nobles
  • first time houses were built decoratively and not just for defence
• Elizabethan accomplishments - literature:

  poetry written by Shakespeare became popular
• Elizabethan accomplishments - education:

  • became increasingly important
  • focus was still mainly on wealthy boys, but some wealthy girls got some education
• Elizabethan accomplishments - science and technology:

  • breaks through in navigation and astronomy
  • understanding in magnetism
  • printing press was produced
  • due to the printing press, ideas and knowledge spread faster
• Elizabethan accomplishments - peace, power and pride:

  • Pre-Elizabeth, people were fighting for the throne
  • Elizabeths long reign showed long term stability for the country
  • military of England saw more success
  • The countries over all wealth grew
• positives of the golden age:

  New stately homes were built using new architectural styles. These buildings were designed by nobles to impress and wow audiences, especially the Queen
• positives of the golden age:

  upper middle class people (the gentry) started to make more progress in society under Elizabeth. They had more disposable income to pay artists and builders to help them impress others and increase their influence
• positives of the golden age:

  the growth of exploration in the 'New World' brought new trading routes, new products and new possibilities for English sailors, like Hawkins and Drake
• Gentry - upper middle class people
• positives of the golden age:

  New grammar schools and university colleges were set up by Elizabeth to better educate people. English literature flourished through poetry and drama, with people like Shakespeare
• positives of the golden age:

  Famous renaissance doctor William Harvey started working in Elizabethan times. the thinker Francis Bacon advocated experiments to support new scientific theories and ideas
• Negatives of the golden age:

  Brutal blood sport like bear baiting and dog fighting remained popular in Elizabethan times, just as they had been before
• Negatives of the golden age:

  Elizabeth would give away titles, lands and influence not only to men she trusted, but also those that were willing to pay
• Negatives of the golden age:

  Elizabethan England was very socially divided, a small minority lived in complete luxury, whilst the majority remained very poor and in insecure work
• Negatives of the golden age:

  Elizabeth's government, much like previous governments used torture and brutal punishments and executions to defeat enemies of the state
• Negatives of the golden age:

  The golden age was a very cynical propaganda tool used by Elizabeth and her government to try and keep her popular. She used it to maintain power into her old age
• consequence of the golden age:

  the development of theaters in Elizabethan times, as well as the success of play writes like William Shakespeare, has inspired arts and literature to this day
• consequence of the golden age:

  Many stately homes during the Elizabethan era can be visited to this day. They were inspired by Italian renaissance architecture
• consequence of the golden age:

  Innovations in art meant that Elizabeth had numerous portraits created. These portraits were used for symbolism and dozens of copies exist to this day
• consequence of the golden age:

  Developments in the English navy, led to the establishment of trade routes and the establishment of colonies in places like Virginia - America
• Chain of beings:

  • God / Jesus
  • angels
  • Humans
  • Animals
  • Plants
  • Minerals of the earth
  • Hell
• Population hierarchy in the countryside:

  • Nobility - lords, dukes, Earls
  • gentry - owned small estates
  • Yeoman farmers
  • tenant farmers
  • landless + labouring poor
  • Homeless + vagrants
• population hierarchy in towns and cities:

  • merchants
  • professionals
  • business owners
  • craftsmen
  • unskilled + unemployed
• Population dramatically increased under Elizabeths rule, going from 3 million in 1530, to 4 million in 1600