PSYCHOLOGY (1)

• Psychology is a social science discipline
• Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior
• Psyche means soul in Greek
• Wilhelm Wundt is credited as one of the founders of psychology
• Wilhelm Wundt created the first laboratory for psychological research
• Psychology was accepted as an academic discipline in the 1800s
• Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines another person's consciousness as objectively as possible
• The scientific method is the basis of scientific study
• A scientific theory is a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time
• An empirical method of study is based on observation, including experimentation
• William James was the first American psychologist
• William James wrote "The Principles of Psychology" in 1890
• Functionalism: the purpose of psychology was to study the function of behavior
• Sigmund Freud was a highly influential figure in the history of psychology
• Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory focuses on a person's unconscious and early childhood experiences
• B. F. Skinner developed a system of rewards and punishments
• A Skinner box is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment
• John B. Watson is known as the father of behaviorism within psychology
• Behaviorism is the study of observable behavior and focuses on behavior control
• Humanism is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans
• Carl Rogers developed a client-centered therapy method that has been influential in clinical settings
• Abraham Maslow developed Maslow's hierarchy of needs
• Noam Chomsky was influential in beginning the cognitive revolution
• The cognitive revolution emerges the interdisciplinary field of Cognitive psychology which studies mental processes and its relation to behavior
• Cognitive science uses concepts from psychology, anthropology, linguistics, computer science, and neuroscience
• Biological psychologists study how the structure and function of the nervous system generate behavior
• Social Psychology focuses on how we interact and relate to each other
• Stanley Milgram's research demonstrated how far people will go in obeying orders from an authority figure
• Health psychology focuses on how health is affected by the interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors
• The biopsychosocial model suggests that health/illness is determined by an interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors
• Clinical Psychology focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other behavior-based problems
• Cognitive-behavioral therapists take cognitive processes and behaviors into account when providing psychotherapy
• This is one of several strategies that may be used by practicing clinical psychologists