Biology

• Name the two types of Eukaryotic cells

  Plant cells, animal cells
• What type of cells are Prokaryotic cells?

  Bacteria cells
• Where are chromosomes found in an animal cell


  Nucleus
• Describe the DNA in a bacteria cell


  A single DNA loop or a DNA ring (plasmid)
• What is 'centi' in standard form?


  10 to the power of -2
• What is 'milli' in standard form?


  10 to the power of -3
• What is 'micro' in standard form?


  10 to the power of -6
• What is 'nano' in standard form?


  10 to the power of -9
• List the five parts of an animal cell


  Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Mitochondria, Ribosomes
• List the three parts of a cell only found in plant cells

  Vacuole (filled with cell sap), Chloroplasts, Cell wall
• What is a cell wall made of in a plant cell?

  Cellulose
• What function does cellulose have in a cell wall?


  Provides strength
• Name three specialised animal cells


  Sperm, Nerve, Muscle
• Name three specialised plant cells

  Xylem, Root hair, Phloem
• What is cell differentiation?

  When different types of cells are formed in an organism
• State two benefits of an electron microscope over a light microscope


  Greater resolving power, Higher magnification
• How do you calculate magnification in a microscope?


  Magnification = size of image/size of real object
• What is a stem cell?

  An undifferentiated cell
• Name two conditions that treatment with stem cells might help in humans

  Diabetes, Paralysis
• What is a risk of using stem cells to treat humans?


  Transfer of viral infection
• What is diffusion?


  Spreading out of particles of a substance in solution or a gas
• What process moves substances into and out of a cell across a cell membrane?


  Diffusion
• What does diffusion result in?


  The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
• Name two substances transported in and out of cells during gas exchange

  Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide
• What waster product diffuses into blood plasma?


  Urea
• Which organ is urea excreted from?

  The kidney
• Name three factors that affect diffusion


  Difference in concentration (concentration gradient), Temperature, Surface area of membrane
• How does water move across cell membranes?

  By osmosis
• What is osmosis?


  Diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane
• What is active transport?


  The movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution
• What's the role of active transport in plants?


  The absorption of mineral ions from dilute solutions in soil via root hairs
• What's the role of active transport in humans?


  Allows sugar molecules to move from the gut into the blood
• What are the basic building blocks of all living organisms?

  Cells
• What is a tissue?

  A group of cells with similar structure and function
• What is an organ?

  An aggregation of tissues that perform a specific function
• What is an organ system?


  Different organs working together
• Name the parts of the digestive system


  Mouth salivary glands, stomach, liver, gall bladder, small intestine, large intestine
• Where are amylases produced?

  Salivary glands
• What does amylase do?

  Breaks down starch into sugars
• Where are proteases produced?


  Stomach, small intestine, pancreas