Cranial nerve

• How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

  Twelve pairs
• Where do cranial nerves originate from?

  They originate directly from the brainstem
• What is the function of cranial nerves?

  They serve sensory, motor, and autonomic functions
• What is the function of the olfactory nerve?

  Smell (Sensory)
• What is the function of the optic nerve?

  Vision (Sensory)
• What does the oculomotor nerve control?

  Eye movement and eyelid control
• Which cranial nerve is the smallest?

  Trochlear nerve (IV)
• What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?

  Ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular
• What is the function of the abducens nerve?

  Controls lateral eye movement
• What does the facial nerve control?

  Facial expressions and taste
• What are the two branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

  Vestibular and cochlear
• What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

  Taste and swallowing
• What does the vagus nerve innervate?

  Organs from head to abdomen
• What is the primary function of the accessory nerve?

  Head and neck movement
• What does the hypoglossal nerve control?

  Tongue movement
• What are the functional classifications of cranial nerves?

  • Sensory nerves: Smell, vision, hearing, taste
  • Motor nerves: Control muscles for movement
  • Mixed nerves: Both sensory and motor functions
• What are the sensory cranial nerves and their functions?

  1. Olfactory (I): Smell
  2. Optic (II): Vision
  3. Vestibulocochlear (VIII): Hearing and balance
  4. Glossopharyngeal (IX): Taste (partially)
  5. Vagus (X): Taste (partially)
• What are the motor cranial nerves and their functions?

  1. Oculomotor (III): Eye movement
  2. Trochlear (IV): Eye movement
  3. Abducens (VI): Eye movement
  4. Facial (VII): Facial expressions
  5. Accessory (XI): Head and neck movement
  6. Hypoglossal (XII): Tongue movement
• What are the mixed cranial nerves and their functions?

  1. Trigeminal (V): Facial sensation and chewing
  2. Glossopharyngeal (IX): Taste and swallowing
  3. Vagus (X): Organ control and sensation
• What are the consequences of damage to the facial nerve?

  • Facial paralysis (Bell's palsy)
  • Difficulty tasting
  • Drooling
• What is the origin of the olfactory nerve?

  Olfactory bulb
• What is the origin of the optic nerve?

  Retina
• What is the origin of the oculomotor nerve?

  Midbrain
• What is the origin of the trochlear nerve?

  Midbrain
• What is the origin of the trigeminal nerve?

  Pons
• What is the origin of the abducens nerve?

  Pons
• What is the origin of the facial nerve?

  Pons
• What is the origin of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

  Inner ear
• What is the origin of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

  Medulla oblongata
• What is the origin of the vagus nerve?

  Medulla oblongata
• What is the origin of the accessory nerve?

  Medulla oblongata and spinal cord
• What is the origin of the hypoglossal nerve?

  Medulla oblongata
• What is the pathway of the olfactory nerve?

  • Arises from olfactory receptor cells
  • Passes through cribriform plate
  • Synapses in olfactory bulbs
  • Terminates in primary olfactory cortex
• What is the pathway of the optic nerve?

  • Arises from retinas
  • Passes through optic canals
  • Converges at optic chiasma
  • Continues to thalamus and occipital cortex
• What is the pathway of the oculomotor nerve?

  • Extends from ventral midbrain
  • Passes through superior orbital fissures
  • Controls eyelid, eyeball, and iris
• What is the pathway of the trochlear nerve?

  • Fibers from dorsal midbrain
  • Enter orbits via superior orbital fissures
  • Innervates superior oblique muscle
• What is the pathway of the trigeminal nerve?

  • Largest cranial nerve
  • Fibers extend from pons to face
  • Three divisions: V1, V2, V3
• What is the pathway of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

  • Afferent fibers from inner ear
  • Pass through internal acoustic meatus
  • Enter brain stem at pons-medulla border
• What is the pathway of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

  • Fibers from medulla
  • Leave skull via jugular foramen
  • Run to throat for swallowing
• What is the pathway of the vagus nerve?

  • Fibers from medulla
  • Exit skull via jugular foramen
  • Regulates heart, lungs, and abdominal viscera