Biotechnology

Cards (33)

  • Why are Identical Twins, identical?
    One fertilized egg divides
  • Are identical twins completely identical?
    Yes and no, although the identical DNA is the same, there can be a slight difference in which genes get expressed
  • What causes genetic variation?
    Meiosis (crossing over), mutations are also possible
  • What does it mean when a trait or disease gets expressed?
    Traits or diseases is inherited through genes
  • What can make DNA be expressed differently in separate individuals?
    Environmental factors
  • What is the name of the concept that the environment can influence DNA?
    Epigenetics
  • What are some environmental factors that scientists think can cause methylation of DNA?
    Exposure to chemicals
  • What do Restriction Enzymes act as?
    Molecular Scissors
  • Where do Restriction enzymes come from?
    Various types of Bacteria
  • Restriction enzymes cut DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence called?
    Restriction Site
  • True or False, Different restriction enzymes cut DNA in different ways?
    True
  • True or False, each enzyme has a different restriction site?
    True
  • What kind of end does a restriction enzyme leave when they cut straight across?
    Blunt End
  • What kind of end does a restriction enzyme make when they make staggered cuts?
    Sticky ends
  • What is Gel Electrophoresis used for?
    To separate DNA fragments by size (Electrical current pulls DNA fragments through a gel)
  • What fragment travels further and faster?
    Smaller fragments
  • What fragment travels slower and less far?
    Larger fragments
  • What is Bioethics?
    The study of ethical issues that are in biomedicine and research
  • What is a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)?
    Any living thing whose genes have been modified
  • What are Genetically Modified Foods?
    Foods that have been altered by inserting genes of other organisms into their DNA
  • What is a Transgenic Organism?
    An organism or cell whose genome has been changed by another foreign DNA sequence from another species
  • How do scientists place a gene from one organism into another?
    Recombinant DNA technology is used to insert a gene from one organism to a different one
  • True or False, Mammals can be cloned through a process called nuclear transfer?
    True
  • What is the process of Nuclear Transfer?
    Nucleus is removed from an egg cell, nucleus of a cell from the animal to be cloned is implanted in the egg
  • What is Recombinant DNA?
    DNA formed by combining genetic material from different sources
  • What does Recombinant DNA contain?
    Genes from more than one organism
  • What are often used to make Recombinant DNA?
    Bacterial plasmids
  • What is happening in the process of making recombinant DNA?
    Plasmids are the loops of DNA in bacteria, restriction enzymes cut plasmid and foreign DNA, foreign gene inserted into plasmid
  • What does Transgenic Organisms contain?
    One or more genes from another organism inserted into its genome
  • What is a sticky end?
    A sticky end is a single-stranded DNA overhang that is created by certain restriction enzymes during DNA cleavage
  • What is a blunt end?
    A blunt end refers to a DNA sequence that has no overhanging or protruding ends
  • What’s the difference between a sticky end and blunt end?
    Sticky End: Has uneven single-stranded overhangs. Blunt Ends: No overhangs, less efficient for joining DNA fragments
  • What is a plasmid?
    Loops of DNA in bacteria, used to make recombinant DNA