Save
Biology Final
Biotechnology
Save
Share
Learn
Content
Leaderboard
Learn
Created by
Angie Marie
Visit profile
Cards (33)
Why are Identical Twins, identical?
One fertilized egg divides
Are identical twins completely identical?
Yes
and
no
, although the
identical DNA
is the
same
, there can be a
slight difference
in which genes get
expressed
What causes genetic variation?
Meiosis
(
crossing over
),
mutations
are also possible
What does it mean when a trait or disease gets expressed?
Traits
or
diseases
is
inherited
through
genes
What can make DNA be expressed differently in separate individuals?
Environmental factors
What is the name of the concept that the environment can influence DNA?
Epigenetics
What are some environmental factors that scientists think can cause methylation of DNA?
Exposure
to
chemicals
What do Restriction Enzymes act as?
Molecular Scissors
Where do Restriction enzymes come from?
Various
types of
Bacteria
Restriction enzymes cut DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence called?
Restriction Site
True or False, Different restriction enzymes cut DNA in different ways?
True
True or False, each enzyme has a different restriction site?
True
What kind of end does a restriction enzyme leave when they cut straight across?
Blunt End
What kind of end does a restriction enzyme make when they make staggered cuts?
Sticky ends
What is Gel Electrophoresis used for?
To
separate
DNA
fragments
by
size
(
Electrical
current pulls DNA fragments through a
gel
)
What fragment travels further and faster?
Smaller
fragments
What fragment travels slower and less far?
Larger fragments
What is Bioethics?
The
study
of
ethical issues
that are in
biomedicine
and
research
What is a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)?
Any living thing
whose
genes
have been
modified
What are Genetically Modified Foods?
Foods that have been
altered
by inserting
genes
of other
organisms
into their
DNA
What is a Transgenic Organism?
An organism or cell whose
genome
has been
changed
by another
foreign DNA sequence
from another
species
How do scientists place a gene from one organism into another?
Recombinant DNA technology
is used to insert a
gene
from one
organism
to a
different
one
True or False, Mammals can be cloned through a process called nuclear transfer?
True
What is the process of Nuclear Transfer?
Nucleus
is
removed
from an
egg cell
,
nucleus
of a
cell
from the
animal
to be cloned is
implanted
in the
egg
What is Recombinant DNA?
DNA
formed by
combining genetic material
from
different sources
What does Recombinant DNA contain?
Genes
from
more
than
one organism
What are often used to make Recombinant DNA?
Bacterial plasmids
What is happening in the process of making recombinant DNA?
Plasmids
are the
loops
of DNA in bacteria,
restriction
enzymes cut
plasmid
and
foreign
DNA,
foreign
gene inserted into
plasmid
What does Transgenic Organisms contain?
One
or more
genes
from another
organism
inserted into its
genome
What is a sticky end?
A sticky end is a
single-stranded DNA
overhang that is created by certain
restriction
enzymes during
DNA cleavage
What is a blunt end?
A
blunt end
refers to a
DNA
sequence that has no
overhanging
or
protruding
ends
What’s the difference between a sticky end and blunt end?
Sticky End: Has
uneven
single-stranded
overhangs
. Blunt Ends: No
overhangs,
less efficient for
joining
DNA
fragments
What is a plasmid?
Loops of
DNA
in
bacteria
, used to make
recombinant
DNA