Health is a relative state in which one can function well physically, mentally, socially, and spiritually to express one's unique potentialities within the environment (medical dictionary)
A health model is a conceptual framework or ways of thinking about health
Different health models include:
The Biomedical Model of Health
The Social Model of Health
The Mandala of Health
The Biomedical Model of Health is a medical model of care focused on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness
Advantages of the Biomedical Model of Health:
Advances in technology and research
Many common problems can be effectively treated
Extends life expectancy
Improves quality of life
Disadvantages of the Biomedical Model of Health:
Costly
Narrow view of health
Not every condition is treated
Not always affordable
The Social Model of Health addresses broader influences on health, focusing on social, cultural, environmental, and economic factors
Advantages of the Social Model of Health:
Education for people
Government support/strategies
Less costly to prevent diseases
Lead healthier lifestyles/Improve quality of life
Involve government and non-government organizations
Increase economic development
Disadvantages of the Social Model of Health:
Lack of education for the whole population
Population not motivated
Changing lifestyle is challenging
Not all diseases can be prevented
Results are evident after a long period
Effectiveness is difficult to measure
The Mandala of Health is a bio-psycho-socio-environmental model of health
Four important factors that influence health in the Mandala of Health:
Human biology
Personal behavior
Psychosocial environment
Physical environment
The Health Continuum: A person with a balanced life has a high degree of wellness, an overall state of well-being or total health
Six Components of Health:
Physical health
Emotional health
Social health
Mental health
Environmental health
Spiritual health
Factors that Influence Health:
Hereditary influences
Social influences
Cultural influences
Environmental influences
Attitude
Behavior
Media
Technology
Health Risk Factors:
All health problems have risk factors
Risk factor is anything that increases the likelihood of disease, injury, or other health problems
Divided into controllable risk factors and uncontrollablerisk factors
Controllable risk factors include age, race, gender, and heredity
Health Risk Behavior:
Sedentary lifestyle: Not taking part in physical activity regularly
Alcohol and other druguse
Sexualactivity
Behaviors that cause injury
Tobacco use
Poor eating habits
Health Promotion Theories:
Health promotion should be theory-based to understand why people make health-related choices
Theories provide a systematic way of understanding situations, examining relationships, and predicting outcomes
Theory provides a roadmap for designing, implementing, and evaluating health promotion programs
LifestyleFactors:
Getting 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night
Starting each day with a healthy breakfast
Eating a variety of nutritious foods daily
Being physically active for at least 20 minutes a day, three or more days a week
Maintaining a healthy weight
Avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs
Abstaining from sexual activity before marriage
Managing stress
Maintaining positive relationships
Practicing safe behaviors to prevent injuries
Wellness and Prevention:
Prevention is key to wellness
Practicing health and safety habits to remain free of disease and injury
Examples include wearing safety belts, applying sunscreen, avoiding unsafe areas, and proper hand washing
Health Triangle:
Physical health: How well your body functions, includes nutrition, hygiene, medical checkups, sleep, rest, and physical activity
Mental/Emotional Health: Feelings about yourself, coping with stress, and processing information
Social Health: Getting along with others, making and keeping friends, communication, and showing respect and care for yourself and others