Industrial revolution

• The demand for cotton textiles grew rapidly in the late 18th century, stimulating the mechanization of textile production.
• Cotton mills became large-scale factories with hundreds or thousands of workers operating machines.
• Steam engines powered by coal replaced windmills and waterwheels as sources of energy.
• The Industrial Revolution was one of the most significant developments in human history
• In 1820, people in England worked in agriculture, had no running water or electricity, and measured time in relation to solar cycles
• By 1920, most people in England did not work in agriculture and instead worked in shops, transportation, mining, workshops, or factories
• Inventions such as the spinning jenny and water frame revolutionized textile production in England
• The world's first factories arose in England to increase production of English cloth for global and domestic markets
• The Industrial Revolution was characterized by incremental improvements made by many people working together
• Industrial spies played a role in the development of manufacturing in Europe
• The rate of business failure during the Industrial Revolution was over 50%
• Unpaid orphans were used as labor in factories, leading to industrial accidents and child deaths
• Industrialization thrived due to slave labor, inexpensive child labor, and the lower wages paid to women
• The steam engine, invented by James Watt, revolutionized industrial production and transportation
• The rise of factories led to the emergence of new social classes: the bourgeoisie, proletariat, and rising professional groups
• Women transitioned from working at home to working in factories during the early days of industrialization
• Workers formed clubs and unions to protect their interests and negotiate for better terms with factory owners
• Industrialization led to the growth of towns and cities, with Manchester, England, experiencing significant population growth
• Conditions in industrial cities were abominable, with lack of fresh water, development of slums, and spread of disease
• Industrialization spread from England to other parts of Europe through the 19th century, impacting people's lives dramatically
• The Industrial Revolution is seen as an ongoing process that continues to make dramatic changes in society today
• Industrial Revolution is one of the most significant developments in human history
• In 1820, people in England worked in agriculture, had no running water or electricity, and measured time in relation to solar cycles
• By 1920, most people in England did not work in agriculture and worked in shops, transportation, mining, workshops, or factories
• Inventions during the Industrial Revolution included the flying shuttle by John Kay, spinning jenny by James Hargreaves, carding machines by Ellen Hacking and John, and water frame by Richard Arkwright
• The world's first factories arose in part from the pressure to increase production of English cloth for global and domestic markets
• Industrial Revolution involved collaboration and incremental improvements by many people rather than individual geniuses creating amazing things
• English inventor James Watt launched a steam engine in 1776 that improved earlier models and revolutionized work efficiency
• Steam power changed transportation with the invention of trains, steamships, and eventually automobiles
• Industrialization led to the emergence of new social classes: bourgeoisie, proletariat, and the middle class
• Women's roles transformed during industrialization, with many transitioning from home-based work to factories
• Workers formed clubs and unions to protect their interests and negotiate for better terms with factory owners
• Industrialization spread from England and the low countries to the continent through the 19th century, impacting people's lives dramatically
• The Industrial Revolution continues to make dramatic changes in our way of life today
• Innovations such as spinning jennies and power looms increased productivity and efficiency.
• New industries emerged, including iron and steel, textiles, and coal mining.
• Transportation improved due to canals, steamships, railways, and roads.
• Factories replaced small workshops and cottages as centers of production.
• Steam engines were used to transport goods and people faster than ever before.
• Industrialization brought about significant changes in society, including improvements in living standards but also social unrest and exploitation of workers.