Europe- Nationalism

• Rise of Nationalism in Europe
• Visualising the nation
• Nationalism and imperialism
• Frederic sorrieu and the democratic and social republics
• Idea of La Patrie and Le Citoyen
• Tricolour French flag
• Election of estate general → National Assembly
• New hymns and oaths were composed
• Centralised administrative system was introduced
• Internal customs duties and dues were abolished
• Uniform system of weight and measurement
• French became the common national language
• Napoleonic code of 1804
• First expression of Nationalism
• Impact on Europe
• Role of Napoleon [Success and Failure]
• Creating a sense of collective identity was a major challenge
• Civil code of 1804, also known as Napoleonic code
• Reactions of the local populations to French rule were mixed
• Ideological, Political, Social reactions
• The Aristocracy and The New Middle Class
• Idea of liberal Nationalism
• Conflict, Regional states, Regional variation, languages, Empire, and Culture
• The making of Nationalism in Europe
• Liberal Nationalism stand for Origin, Concept of government by consent, Freedom of market and state imposed restrictions
• Zollverein Need, Step taken
• Meeting at Vienna, Undoing the changes in Europe, Restoration of Bourbon dynasty, France lost territories annexed under Napoleon, Monarchies overthrown by Napoleon were restored
• A New Conservatism after 1815, Revolutionaries, Treaty of Vienna, 1815
• Revolutionaries, Born in Genoa in 1807, Founded secret societies, Young Italy in Marseilles, Young Europe in Berne, Mazzini believed that God had intended nations to be natural units of mankind
• The Romantic Imagination and National feeling, Liberalism and Nationalism associated with revolution, The Age of Revolutions: 1830 - 1840, Constitutional monarchy established in France, Independence of Belgium, Treaty of Constantinople, 1832, Greek war of Independence
• Romanticism, Role of culture, art, poetry, stories, and music in expressing and shaping nationalist feelings, Role of language in strengthening nationalist sentiments in Poland
• Hunger, Hardship, and Popular Revolt, Population, Unemployment, Food Pricing = Widespread Pauperism, Revolt, Louis Philippe fleeing, National Assembly proclaiming a Republic, 1845 Revolt of weavers in Silesia, The issue of extending political rights to women
• 1848: The Revolution of the Liberals, All-German National Assembly, Reaction Friedrich Wilhelm IV, Contribution of the liberal middle class, At Frankfurt, St. Paul church, Middle-class professionals, businessmen, and prosperous artisans, Nationalist sentiments mobilised by conservatives
• The Making of Germany and Italy, Movement under Otto Von Bismarck, Three wars over seven years [Austria, Denmark, and France], William I proclaimed as German Emperor in January 1871, Process of Nation building, Germany: Victor Emmanuel II, Chief Minister Cavour, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Giuseppe Mazzini, Structure before unification, Role in unification, Italy
• Ethnic groups in British Isles [English, Welsh, Scot, and Irish], Growth of English, Incorporation of Ireland in the United Kingdom in 1801, Forging a new ‘British Nation’, British flag [Union Jack], National Anthem [God save our noble king], English Parliament in 1688 [Nation State], Act of Union [1707] between Scotland and England [United Kingdom of Great Britain], Visualising the Nation, Personifying the Nation with the help of female allegory, France = Marianne, Use of symbols, Germania, Rise of Imperialism, Different Ethnic groups in modern-day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedoni